Reasonable-Suspicion

227 cases — ← All topics

Case Title Lower Court Docketed Status Flags Tags Question Presented
25-6640 Juan Carlos Bejar-Guizar v. United States Ninth Circuit 2026-01-21 Pending Response WaivedIFP border-patrol fourth-amendment illegal-entry reasonable-suspicion search-and-seizure totality-of-circumstances Whether a court assessing the existence of reasonable suspicion under the Fourth Amendment may exclude facts that show a likelihood of innocent behavi…
25-6550 George Madison Kitchen, IV v. United States Eighth Circuit 2026-01-12 Pending Response WaivedIFP evidence-rule-404b federal-appellate-review hearsay-exception reasonable-suspicion rodriguez-standard traffic-stop 1. WHETHER THE 8TH CIRCUIT ERRED FINDING THAT REASONABLE SUSPICION EXISTED JUSTIFYING THE STOP OF PETITIONER'S VEHICLE AND MISAPPLYING RODRIGUEZ ON WH…
25-688 Veronica W. Ogunsula v. Michael Warrenfeltz Fourth Circuit 2025-12-12 Pending law-enforcement pro-se-litigation probable-cause qualified-immunity reasonable-suspicion traffic-violation 1. Does a police officer observing an undisputed legal act(s) or something that is not illegal, without more, provide probable cause or a reasonable i…
25-629 Billy Puckett v. United States Eighth Circuit 2025-12-03 Pending Response RequestedResponse Waived constitutional-rights fourth-amendment investigatory-questions police-procedure reasonable-suspicion traffic-stop In Rodriguez v. United States, this Court held that a police officer may not extend a traffic stop, absent reasonable suspicion, to conduct a dog snif…
25-6145 Gabriel Gallegos v. United States Ninth Circuit 2025-11-18 Denied Response WaivedIFP fourth-amendment law-enforcement reasonable-suspicion show-of-authority terry-stop vehicle-stop When law enforcement makes a show of authority that causes a vehicle to come to a complete stop, however briefly, before fleeing, is that a stop withi…
25-583 Rodney Towe v. Georgia Georgia 2025-11-17 Denied criminal-procedure fourth-amendment law-enforcement probable-cause reasonable-suspicion terry-stop Whether lawful, commonplace conduct that law abiding citizens routinely engage in can establish reasonable suspicion because it occurs near an expecte…
25-6051 Claude Coleman v. United States Sixth Circuit 2025-11-06 Pending Response RequestedResponse WaivedRelisted (2)IFP fourth-amendment high-crime-area misdemeanor reasonable-suspicion seizure terry-stop The Fourth Amendment protects citizens in public spaces from being seized by law enforcement without reasonable suspicion that they have committed a c…
25-5990 Tylee Brown v. United States Third Circuit 2025-10-29 Denied Response WaivedIFP detention fourth-amendment police-encounter reasonable-suspicion terry-stop vehicle-search 1. Whether a passenger in a vehicle, who briefly leaves the vehicle during a police encounter, but is contemporaneously detained with the vehicle and …
25A370 Eric Lebron Burney v. United States Sixth Circuit 2025-09-30 Presumed Complete cannabis fourth-amendment plain-smell-doctrine probable-cause reasonable-suspicion search-and-seizure Whether the "plain smell doctrine" remains valid when applied to cannabis today, because the odor of cannabis no longer plainly identifies an illegal …
25A260 Donna Elizabeth Summers v. Montana Montana 2025-09-04 Presumed Complete consent fourth-amendment reasonable-suspicion search-and-seizure seizure traffic-stop Question not identified.
25-248 District of Columbia v. R.W. District of Columbia 2025-09-03 Pending Amici (3)Response RequestedResponse WaivedRelisted (5) fourth-amendment investigative-stop judicial-review law-enforcement reasonable-suspicion totality-of-circumstances 1. Whether a court assessing the existence of reasonable suspicion under the Fourth Amendment may exclude a fact known to the officer, or instead must…
25-182 Curtis Levar Wells, Jr. v. Javier Fuentes, et al. Fourth Circuit 2025-08-15 Denied Response Waived civil-rights community-caretaker consent-search fourth-amendment reasonable-suspicion seizure This case concerns a federal law enforcement officer's initial detention of a civilian with a post-hoc explanation of a "welfare check" or "communit…
25-5329 Duane Gary Underwood, II v. United States Sixth Circuit 2025-08-12 Denied Response WaivedIFP criminal-procedure motion-to-suppress other-acts-evidence reasonable-suspicion search-and-seizure voir-dire I. Mr. Underwood challenged his seizure and search because there was no reasonable suspicion to justify the detention and search. Did the court err in…
25A169 Kristi Noem, Secretary, Department of Homeland Security, et al. v. Pedro Vasquez Perdomo, et al. Ninth Circuit 2025-08-07 Presumed Complete Amici (2) fourth-amendment illegal-aliens immigration-enforcement investigative-stops reasonable-suspicion totality-of-circumstances Question not identified.
25A63 District of Columbia v. R.W. District of Columbia 2025-07-16 Presumed Complete fourth-amendment investigative-stop probable-cause reasonable-suspicion terry-stop totality-of-circumstances 1. This case involves an important question regarding the constitutional standard for a police officer to conduct an investigative stop. It is well es…
24-7465 Nikky Nicole Lujan v. United States Fifth Circuit 2025-06-18 Denied Response WaivedIFP fourth-amendment investigative-detention law-enforcement-questioning probable-cause reasonable-suspicion traffic-stop In Rodrig uez v. United S tates, 575 U.S. 348, 354 (2015) , this Court held that an officer needs reasonable suspicion to prolong a traffic stop beyon…
24-7288 Quaid Akeem Cornell v. Roberto A. Arias, Warden Ninth Circuit 2025-05-27 Denied IFP fourth-amendment group-detention ineffective-assistance investigative-stop reasonable-suspicion search-and-seizure 1. May police officers detain and search all members of group on grounds that the behavior of one person was suspicious? 2. Is trial counsel constitu…
24-7229 DeAndre Jackson v. United States Third Circuit 2025-05-16 Denied Response WaivedIFP criminal-procedure fourth-amendment law-enforcement probable-cause reasonable-suspicion traffic-stop WHETHER the Third Circuit's ruling that an officer's mere suspicion of a suspects dangerousness absent any additional facts supports an arrest rather …
24-7021 Moises Garcia v. Pennsylvania Pennsylvania 2025-04-17 Denied IFP circuit-split fourth-amendment investigative-detention law-enforcement presumptively-lawful reasonable-suspicion May the police conduct an investigative detention after observing a presumptively lawful act without additional information to suggest that criminal a…
24-6962 Prince L. Spellman v. United States Eighth Circuit 2025-04-11 Denied Response WaivedIFP fourth-amendment prosecutorial-misconduct reasonable-suspicion standing suppression-hearing terry-stop 1. ) Whether this Courts.decision in Combs v. United States 408 US 224, 33 L Ed 2d 308, 92 SCT 2284 (1972) and its progeny should be sustained when th…
24-6738 Steven Dewayne Barnes, Jr. v. United States Eleventh Circuit 2025-03-11 Denied Response WaivedIFP criminal-procedure firearm-possession reasonable-suspicion second-amendment sentencing-enhancement terry-stop 1. The Eleventh Circuit erred in concluding that officers had reasonable suspicion to conduct a Terry stop and frisk based on ambiguous and subjective…
24-6499 Michael J. Baniel v. United States Fifth Circuit 2025-02-07 Denied Response WaivedIFP fourth-amendment narcotics-investigation probable-cause reasonable-suspicion traffic-stop warrantless-search Whether Trooper Colton Derrick unreasonably extended Mr. Michael J. Baniel's traffic stop, that was preceded by and subjugated to a narcotics investig…
24-6467 Ronnie Robinson v. United States Second Circuit 2025-02-04 Denied Response WaivedIFP cell-phone-search constitutional-rights fourth-amendment probation-search reasonable-suspicion warrantless-search 1. Was the warrantless search of Petitioner's cell phone unconstitutional when there was no reasonable suspicion to believe that the phone contained e…
24-6188 John Earl Broomfield, Jr. v. United States Eighth Circuit 2024-12-23 Denied Response WaivedIFP 911-call anonymous-tip fourth-amendment law-enforcement reasonable-suspicion supreme-court-precedent Whether the 911 callers in this matter were "anonymous" callers, and, if so, was the opinion in this matter then in conflict with Florida v. J.L., 529…
24-6091 Pedro Pablo Fuentes v. Steven Harpe, Director, Oklahoma Department of Corrections Tenth Circuit 2024-12-09 Denied IFP certificate-of-appealability fourth-amendment habeas-corpus judicial-review reasonable-suspicion traffic-stop 1). Why has The United State Court of Appeal For the Tenth Circuit entered a decision so far departed from the accepted and usual courts of judicial p…
24-6080 Victor Manuel Ramirez v. United States Ninth Circuit 2024-12-05 Denied Response WaivedIFP constitutional-rights fourth-amendment police-inquiry reasonable-suspicion seizure-duration traffic-stop A traffic stop is a warrantless Fourth Amendment seizure of all the occupants of the car. Like other temporary detentions of individuals, "the tolerab…
24-5687 Solomon Odubajo v. United States Sixth Circuit 2024-10-01 Denied Response WaivedIFP fourth-amendment reasonable-suspicion search-and-seizure source-state terry-stop warrantless-search 1. Given Deputy Twombly's admission on the record (PagelD //500, 9-14) that the only factor establishing reasonable suspicion to seize the Parcel was…
24-5505 David Brian Larche, Jr. v. United States Eleventh Circuit 2024-09-10 Denied Response WaivedIFP fourth-amendment probable-cause reasonable-suspicion terry-stop traffic-stop warrantless-detention After a traffic stop for a misdemeanor traffic violation is complete, and a citation has been issued, does possession of cash alone satisfy this Court…
24-5332 Armando Daniel Calderon v. United States Ninth Circuit 2024-08-16 Denied Response WaivedIFP criminal-procedure fourth-amendment law-enforcement property-rights reasonable-suspicion vehicle-seizure 1. Does an officer interfere with a driver's property rights, in violation of the Fourth Amendment, by continuing to seize a vehicle after the driver …
24A157 United States v. Landon R. Mayo District of Columbia 2024-08-08 Presumed Complete fourth-amendment high-crime-area investigatory-stop reasonable-suspicion search-and-seizure terry-stop Question not identified.
24-5197 Curtis Mitchell Paul v. United States Sixth Circuit 2024-07-31 Denied Response WaivedIFP criminal-investigation empirical-evidence fourth-amendment officer-mistake probable-cause reasonable-suspicion seizure terry-stop terry-v-ohio totality-of-the-circumstances Whether a police officer violates the Fourth Amendment when he seizes for criminal investigation a pedestrian walking in the vicinity of a recent robb…
24A72 Raymond N. Bailey, Jr. v. Arkansas Arkansas 2024-07-22 Presumed Complete fourth-amendment probable-cause probation-condition reasonable-suspicion search-waiver warrantless-search The question presented in this case is whether a warrantless search violates the Fourth Amendment where, although a person has consented to warrantles…
24A34 David Brian Larche, Jr. v. United States Eleventh Circuit 2024-07-11 Presumed Complete fourth-amendment investigatory-detention reasonable-suspicion search-and-seizure terry-stop traffic-stop Question not identified.
24A9 Nathan Cooper v. United States Eleventh Circuit 2024-07-08 Presumed Complete armed-and-dangerous criminal-activity fourth-amendment reasonable-suspicion stop-and-frisk terry-stop Question not identified.
23-7827 Gianni Montay Minners v. United States Tenth Circuit 2024-06-28 Denied Response WaivedIFP 4th-amendment fourth-amendment gang-affiliation high-crime-area investigative-detention law-enforcement prior-gun-possession probable-cause reasonable-suspicion search-and-seizure Is it reasonable for an officer to conduct an investigative detention where there are insufficient facts in the record to conclude that an individual …
23-7824 Kwuan Montrell Baker v. United States Eleventh Circuit 2024-06-28 Denied Response WaivedIFP fourth-amendment fourth-amendment-balancing law-enforcement pretextual-stop probable-cause reasonable-suspicion traffic-stop whren-v-united-states The question presented is whether an admittedly pretextual traffic stop by law enforcement violates the Fourth Amendment when it is based not on proba…
23A996 Yoel Weisshaus v. Steve Coy Teichelman, et al. Fifth Circuit 2024-05-08 Presumed Complete circuit-split constitutional-rights qualified-immunity racial-profiling reasonable-suspicion summary-judgment Question not identified.
23A975 Kwuan Montrell Baker v. United States Eleventh Circuit 2024-05-02 Presumed Complete criminal-procedure evidence-suppression fourth-amendment reasonable-suspicion search-and-seizure traffic-stop Question not identified.
23-6909 Arnold D. Holland v. United States Eleventh Circuit 2024-03-06 Denied Response WaivedIFP criminal-procedure fourth-amendment probable-cause reasonable-suspicion search search-and-seizure supervised-release totality-of-circumstances 1. Whether the Fourth Amendment applies to the act of searching or the initial decision to search, based on an objective standard considering the tota…
23-907 Pablo Pastrana v. New York New York 2024-02-22 Denied Response Waived brown-vs-texas constitutional-law fourth-amendment law-enforcement police-roadblocks probable-cause reasonable-suspicion roadblock search-and-seizure Whether a vehicular roadblock satisfies the standard for a reasonable search and seizure under the Fourth Amendment, articulated in Brown v. Texas, 44…
23-885 Mark Wayne Gaddy v. Oklahoma Oklahoma 2024-02-16 Denied anonymous-phone-call anonymous-tip community-caretaking fourth-amendment reasonable-suspicion search-and-seizure traffic-stop In Cady v. Dombrowski, 413 U.S. 433 (1973), this Court recognized the "community caretaking" function of police. In Florida v. J.L., 529 U.S. 266 (200…
23-6580 Charles Ramon, III, aka Charles Roger Ramon v. United States Tenth Circuit 2024-01-25 Denied Response WaivedIFP evidence fourth-amendment privacy-expectation probation probation-conditions reasonable-suspicion search-and-seizure supervised-release warrantless-search This Court's prior precedent in Griffin v. Wisconsin, 483 U.S. 868 (1987) and its progeny hold that a person's status as a supervised releasee, such a…
23-6523 Mark David Galloway v. United States Ninth Circuit 2024-01-22 Denied Response WaivedIFP circuit-split fourth-amendment law-enforcement probable-cause reasonable-suspicion seizure terry-stop Whether the Ninth Circuit has unjustifiably expanded the Terry exception to the probable cause requirement by creating a new category of exempt seizur…
23-6352 LaDerrius Williams v. Illinois Illinois 2023-12-26 Denied Response WaivedIFP 4th-amendment civil-rights criminal-arrest criminal-procedure due-process owner-driver-inference probable-cause reasonable-suspicion search-and-seizure traffic-stop vehicle-ownership Whether Glover's owner-driver inference constitutes, not only reasonable suspicion to initiate a traffic stop of a motorist if the police have reason …
23-499 Jesus Leonardo Esquivel-Carrizales v. United States Fifth Circuit 2023-11-13 Denied Response Waived 4th-amendment companion-suspicion criminal-activity drug-crime fourth-amendment investigative-stop law-enforcement probable-cause reasonable-suspicion traffic-stop While out shopping five days before Christmas, Petitioner had a brief interaction in the public parking lot of a shopping center with a man agents sus…
23-5988 Robert Benjamin Stout v. Sergeant Johnson, et al. Fourth Circuit 2023-11-09 Denied IFP civil-rights driver's-license due-process fourth-amendment license-checkpoint obstruction-of-justice probable-cause reasonable-suspicion roadway-safety Question #1: Are police, absent reasonable suspicion, permitted to conduct driver's license checkpoints, or roadway safety checkpoints requiring drive…
23-5982 Garnet Small v. United States Third Circuit 2023-11-09 Denied Response WaivedIFP equal-protection fourth-amendment law-enforcement pretextual-stop probable-cause racial-profiling reasonable-suspicion traffic-stop traffic-stops whren-v-united-states Whether this Court's decision in Whren v. United States, 517 U.S. 806 (1996), should be overruled.
23-5952 Semaj Lemar Williams v. United States Sixth Circuit 2023-11-03 Denied Response WaivedRelisted (2)IFP 4th-amendment detention evidence-suppression exclusionary-rule fourth-amendment probable-cause reasonable-suspicion search-and-seizure traffic-stop I. Mr. Williams moved to suppress the evidence related to the controlled substances because he was unlawfully detained when there was no reasonable su…
23-5921 Vahe Sarkiss v. United States Ninth Circuit 2023-10-31 Denied Response WaivedRelisted (2)IFP 4th-amendment child-pornography civil-rights due-process fourth-amendment interstate-commerce reasonable-suspicion search-and-seizure supervised-release 1. Whether Petitioner Vahe Sarkiss' Fourth Amendment rights were violated because there was no reasonable suspicion of a violation of supervised relea…
23-446 Junjie Li v. Rhode Island Rhode Island 2023-10-27 Denied Response RequestedResponse WaivedRelisted (2) 4th-amendment civil-rights decriminalization drug-enforcement fourth-amendment marijuana-odor probable-cause reasonable-suspicion search-and-seizure traffic-stop Whether the slight odor of marijuana coming from within a car stopped for a passenger's seatbelt violation, in a state where possession of one ounce o…
23-5862 Benancio Castaneda v. United States Fifth Circuit 2023-10-24 Denied Response WaivedIFP acceptance-of-responsibility canine-sniff drug-investigation fourth-amendment probable-cause reasonable-suspicion search-and-seizure traffic-stop vehicle-search Narcotics agents were surveilling a house based on unidentified "concerned citizen" calls of a high volume of short-stay traffic. Without corroboratin…
23-5743 Xzavione Taylor v. United States Ninth Circuit 2023-10-10 Denied IFP criminal-investigation exit-order fourth-amendment pennsylvania-v-mimms police-detention reasonable-suspicion rodriguez-v-united-states traffic-stop vehicle-search The question presented is whether a police officer detours from the lawful mission of a traffic stop by ordering that the driver of a car exit the veh…
23-221 Andrew H. Zoellick v. Wisconsin Wisconsin 2023-09-08 Denied Response Waived 4th-amendment civil-rights due-process fourth-amendment jurisprudential-definition mitigating-factors probable-cause reasonable-suspicion totality-of-circumstances totality-of-the-circumstances Whether the absence of any jurisprudential definition of the term "totality," as applied to the totality of the circumstances test under the Fourth Am…
23-5185 Yolanda Howard v. United States First Circuit 2023-07-25 Denied Response WaivedIFP 4th-amendment civil-rights due-process fourth-amendment investigative-detention law-enforcement-procedure probable-cause reasonable-suspicion rodriguez-v-united-states traffic-stop I. Did the Maine State Trooper's hunch that "there were a lot of drugs in this car" based solely on his initial encounter with Ms. Howard justify dela…
23-5112 Kashif M. Robertson v. Pennsylvania Pennsylvania 2023-07-17 Denied IFP fourth-amendment fourth-amendment-rights law-enforcement-procedure motor-vehicle-code probable-cause reasonable-suspicion seizure-duration traffic-stop unrelated-questioning 1. Whether the State Court's of Pennsylvania Committed Reversible Error by Lowering the Fourth Amendment Standard that Reviewing Court's Must Look at …
22-7853 Carlos Miguel Concepcion-Guliam v. United States First Circuit 2023-06-26 Denied Response WaivedIFP arrest criminal-procedure detention fourth-amendment law-enforcement probable-cause reasonable-suspicion search-and-seizure search-warrant Should a writ of certiorari be granted to clarify whether an exception to the Fourth Amendment can be applied randomly or if law enforcement officers …
22-7691 Jace Emerson Fesler v. United States Ninth Circuit 2023-06-02 Denied Response WaivedIFP 4th-amendment citizen-rights civil-rights due-process fourth-amendment free-speech law-enforcement police-procedure reasonable-suspicion terry-stop Does a citizen's noncompliance with an unlawful order from law enforcement create reasonable suspicion to conduct a Terry frisk?
22-7514 Joshua Brown v. United States Eighth Circuit 2023-05-11 Denied Response WaivedIFP 4th-amendment color-discrepancy fourth-amendment high-crime-area probable-cause reasonable-suspicion traffic-stop vehicle-registration A vehicle might appear to be a certain color, but its registration says that it should be a different color. This might happen if a motorist decide d …
22-1091 David Zook v. United States Tenth Circuit 2023-05-09 Denied Response Waived 4th-amendment administrative-subpoena civil-procedure due-process epa federal-agency official-curiosity reasonable-suspicion rule-6a Must the issuance and/or enforcement of an administrative subpoena (EPA) to a private individual be supported by something beyond "official curiosity"…
22-7253 Ilse Ivon Solis v. United States Fifth Circuit 2023-04-11 Denied Response WaivedIFP constitutional-rights detention-duration fourth-amendment law-enforcement motion-to-suppress reasonable-suspicion rodriguez-v-united-states scope-of-justification traffic-stop I. IN LIGHT OF THIS COURT'S OPINION IN RODRIGUEZ V. UNITED STATES, 575 U.S. 348 (2015), DID THE OFFICER'S INQUIRIES UNJUSTIFIABLY PROLONG THE TRAFFIC …
22-6872 Gustavo Guzman v. California California 2023-02-27 Denied Response WaivedIFP criminal-conduct fourth-amendment fourth-amendment-jurisprudence government-informant home-surveillance reasonable-suspicion warrantless-entry 1. Whether or under what circumstances the Fourth Amendment permits a government informant's warrantless entry into a person's home to monitor, transm…
22-6802 Luis Miguel Sierra-Ayala v. United States First Circuit 2023-02-16 Denied Response WaivedIFP 4th-amendment consensual-search consent exclusionary-rule fourth-amendment fruit-of-the-poisonous-tree illegal-seizure police-misconduct reasonable-suspicion search-and-seizure A police officer cannot touch a person's body or possessions without consent or legally sufficient basis. Likewise, an officer cannot force himself up…
22-728 Daniel Cameron Wilkey, et al. v. William Eugene Klaver Sixth Circuit 2023-02-03 Denied Response Waived civil-rights clearly-established-law clearly-established-right fourth-amendment law-enforcement police-conduct qualified-immunity reasonable-suspicion traffic-stop 1. This Court has repeatedly instructed the lower courts that in determining whether a right is clearly established for purposes of qualified immunity…
22-6580 Daniel J. Campbell v. Ohio Ohio 2023-01-19 Denied Response RequestedRelisted (2)IFP 4th-amendment cell-phone digital-devices digital-privacy fourth-amendment probation probation-search reasonable-suspicion search search-conditions state-supervision 1. Is a search reasonable under the 4th Amendment when a probation officer who lacks required reasonable suspicion and is in violation of Ohio Revised…
22-6552 Sergio Guerrero v. United States Ninth Circuit 2023-01-18 Denied Response WaivedIFP ammunition-possession bill-of-rights fourth-amendment lawful-materials probable-cause reasonable-suspicion second-amendment warrantless-arrest Is the Ninth Circuit's decision consistent with this Court's precedents?
22-6378 Angela Dee Garges v. United States Eighth Circuit 2022-12-22 Denied Response WaivedIFP dwelling-search fourth-amendment law-enforcement maryland-v-buie probable-cause protective-sweep reasonable-suspicion search-and-seizure 1. Whether the Eighth Circuit Court's determination that law enforcement officers may search an entire dwelling without probable cause or reasonable s…
22-6286 John Yang v. United States Seventh Circuit 2022-12-12 Denied Response WaivedIFP 4th-amendment civil-rights criminal-activity fourth-amendment probable-cause reasonable-suspicion search-and-seizure traffic-stop vehicle-seizure 1. Whether the Fourth Amendment, U.S. Const. Amend. IV, permits a police officer to seize a vehicle and its occupants when the officer only knows that…
22-6053 Charles Skaggs, Jr. v. United States Seventh Circuit 2022-11-14 Denied Response WaivedIFP border-search border-searches electronic-device electronic-devices fourth-amendment probable-cause reasonable-suspicion warrant-requirement warrantless-search I. Does the Fourth Amendment require that searches of electronic devices at the United States border be conducted pursuant to a warrant based on proba…
22-5925 Christopher Santillanes Ceja v. United States Ninth Circuit 2022-10-27 Denied Response WaivedIFP 4th-amendment criminal-investigation drug-trafficking fourth-amendment investigative-duration law-enforcement probable-cause reasonable-suspicion traffic-stop 1. Was the traffic stop of Mr. Ceja unreasonably prolonged when officers conducted two consecutive investigations, one for an alleged traffic violatio…
22-5821 Felipe Noriega, Jr. v. United States Eighth Circuit 2022-10-12 Denied Response WaivedIFP civil-rights constitutional-law criminal-procedure due-process fourth-amendment reasonable-suspicion search-and-seizure seizure traffic-stop 1. Whether the Fourth Amendment allows a police officer to extend a concluded traffic stop based on minimal, if any, suspicious factors. 2. Whether t…
22-307 Michigan v. Marcus Martell McCloud and Bruce Cliffin Edwards Michigan 2022-09-29 Denied Response Waived commonsense-judgments criminal-procedure detention frisk human-behavior law-enforcement officer-experience probable-cause reasonable-suspicion terry-stop weapons-frisk Police preparing to enter a suspected unlicensed after-hours drinking establishment to make an under-cover purchase removed the two respondents from j…
22-5273 Bradley Beauchamp v. United States Fourth Circuit 2022-08-03 Denied Response WaivedIFP 4th-amendment criminal-procedure due-process evidence-suppression exclusionary-rule illegal-traffic-stop reasonable-suspicion search-and-seizure sentencing-enhancement suppression-of-evidence traffic-stop venue-violation 1. Whether the District Court caused reversible error by not suppressing evidence obtained by an illegal traffic stop where the officer lacked articul…
22-5213 Clifford Lavern Stokes v. United States Ninth Circuit 2022-07-28 Denied Response WaivedIFP 4th-amendment attenuation-doctrine civil-rights due-process fourth-amendment intervening-circumstance reasonable-suspicion rodriguez-standard search-and-seizure traffic-stop warrant-check Absent reasonable suspicion or officer safety concerns, is a warrant check of a passenger that extends a valid traffic stop a per se "fishing expediti…
22-13 Nicholas James Imhoff v. United States Ninth Circuit 2022-07-05 Denied Response Waived 4th-amendment fourth-amendment probable-cause reasonable-suspicion rental-car search-and-seizure traffic-stop vehicle-search Whether a person driving a rental car is sufficient factual basis during a routine traffic stop to create reasonable suspicion to perform a vehicle se…
21-8150 Lorenzo Shelton v. United States Sixth Circuit 2022-06-16 Denied Response WaivedIFP 4th-amendment cell-phone cell-phone-privacy exclusionary-rule fourth-amendment parole parole-conditions reasonable-suspicion search-and-seizure warrantless-search (1) Whether the lower courts erred in allowing the Petitioner's cell phone to be searched just because he was on State parole from the State of Tennes…
21-7889 Zahkuan Bailey-Sweeting, aka Zahkuan Sweeting-Bailey v. Massachusetts Massachusetts 2022-05-17 Denied Response WaivedIFP 14th-amendment 4th-amendment fourth-amendment individualized-suspicion pat-frisk police-hunch police-stop reasonable-suspicion search-and-seizure traffic-stop unreasonable-search Mr. Zahkuan Bailey-Sweeting was a passenger in a car stopped by three police officers for a minor traffic infraction. At the time of the traffic stop,…
21-7848 Martin Ibarra-Ozuna v. United States Ninth Circuit 2022-05-12 Denied Response WaivedIFP collective-knowledge-doctrine constitutional-limits law-enforcement officer-request pretext-stops probable-cause reasonable-suspicion united-states-v-hensley vehicle-stop whiteley-v-warden A. When officers who have probable cause for an arrest or vehicle stop request another officer to take only a particular, limited action, does the "co…
21-7603 Glen S. Evans v. Bill Stange, Warden Eighth Circuit 2022-04-12 Denied IFP 4th-amendment criminal-procedure fruit-of-poisonous-tree fruit-of-the-poisonous-tree ineffective-assistance-of-counsel insufficient-evidence motion-to-suppress prejudice reasonable-suspicion second-degree-murder sufficiency-of-evidence 1. Where the trial court has erred and abused its discretion in overruling defendant's motion to suppress his statements to police, and in admitting …
21-7416 Trevor Dawson Ewers v. Virginia Virginia 2022-03-18 Denied Response WaivedIFP civil-rights concerted-action constitutional-rights fourteenth-amendment fourth-amendment pretextual-stop reasonable-suspicion seizure traffic-stop Where officers work together in concerted action to "produce" reasonable suspicion when there is none to affect a traffic stop with the sole purpose o…
21-7324 Caleb Guerrier v. United States Third Circuit 2022-03-09 Denied Response WaivedIFP exigent-circumstances fourth-amendment home-arrest law-enforcement-procedure protective-sweep reasonable-suspicion search-and-seizure warrant-exception warrant-requirement When arresting someone in a home, police may search immediately adjoining spaces from which they could be directly attacked. To search other areas, ho…
21-7313 Domonick Deshay Wright v. United States Eighth Circuit 2022-03-08 Denied Response WaivedIFP 4th-amendment civil-rights due-process excessive-force fourth-amendment law-enforcement police-misconduct probable-cause qualified-immunity reasonable-suspicion search-and-seizure traffic-stop Question not identified.
21-7287 Ivan Cruz-Rivera v. United States First Circuit 2022-03-08 Denied Response WaivedIFP 4th-amendment criminal-procedure fourth-amendment informant informant-tip law-enforcement police-officer probable-cause reasonable-suspicion search-and-seizure Whether It Is Not Necessary To Evaluate The Basis Of Knowledge Underlying An Informant's Tip If The Informant Is A Police Officer.
21-7153 Arthur Miles v. United States First Circuit 2022-02-17 Denied Response WaivedIFP constitutional-rights fourth-amendment inception-of-stop law-enforcement narrow-shoulder probable-cause reasonable-suspicion traffic-stop weather-conditions Can facts observed or learned by a police officer after he decided to initiate a traffic stop, which traffic stop was delayed a short distance only ba…
21-1091 Edwin Espejo v. Washington Washington 2022-02-07 Denied clear-and-present-danger community-care-exception community-caretaking domestic-violence due-process fourth-amendment police-entry reasonable-suspicion search-and-seizure 1. Does the community care exception to the fourth amendment allow police officers to remain in a person's home when they have determined that there i…
21-7038 Jeremy William Lillich v. United States Eighth Circuit 2022-02-01 Denied Response WaivedIFP criminal-procedure detention fourth-amendment identification reasonable-suspicion search-and-seizure terry-stop warrant-execution Petitioner Jeremy Lillich pleaded guilty, pursuant to a conditional plea agreement, to violation of 21 U.S.C. § 841(a)(1), 21 U.S.C. § 841(b)(1)(A), 2…
21-6939 Clarence Tramiel Beard v. United States Fifth Circuit 2022-01-24 Denied Response WaivedIFP detention fourth-amendment investigatory-detention law-enforcement-procedure mail mail-seizure package-transportation reasonable-suspicion transportation united-states-v-place 1. Whether the investigatory detention, and subsequent transportation to a new location, of an item seized from the mail intrudes on a possessory inte…
21-6904 Michel Thomas v. Stafflink, Inc., dba Link Staffing Services, et al. Fifth Circuit 2022-01-19 Denied Response WaivedIFP exclusionary-rule fourth-amendment probable-cause qualified-immunity reasonable-suspicion search-and-seizure X. What is the proper standard of review when it comes to the question of a void judgment and/or a constitutional question, and/or question of law, an…
21-6857 Reginald E. Blandford v. New York New York 2022-01-14 Denied IFP drug-sniff founded-suspicion fourth-amendment law-enforcement new-york reasonable-suspicion traffic-stop vehicle-search This Court has held that under the Fourth Amendment police officers may not extend a traffic stop to conduct a drug sniff of a vehicle's exterior with…
21-941 Aldo Daniel Gastelum v. United States Eighth Circuit 2021-12-27 Denied circuit-split consensual-search fourth-amendment police-detention probable-cause reasonable-suspicion search-and-seizure state-supreme-court-rulings voluntary-consent Whether a search is "consensual" under the Fourth Amendment when a police officer directly orders an individual he is detaining to submit to the searc…
21-6615 Fabian I. Sanchez v. United States Tenth Circuit 2021-12-15 Denied Response WaivedIFP civil-rights detention fourth-amendment law-enforcement probable-cause reasonable-suspicion search-and-seizure seizure Once objective facts have dispelled the officer's suspicions, may a person still be detained on a hunch?
21-835 Otha Ray Flowers v. United States Fifth Circuit 2021-12-06 Denied 4th-amendment criminal-procedure fourth-amendment high-crime-area illinois-v-wardlow law-enforcement reasonable-suspicion terry-stop terry-v-ohio Whether conduct that is consistent with either lawful or unlawful behavior, and in which law-abiding members of the general public routinely engage, c…
21-6449 Pizarro Thomas v. United States Fifth Circuit 2021-11-30 Denied Response WaivedIFP 4th-amendment criminal-conduct criminal-procedure fourth-amendment law-enforcement-conduct police-policy reasonable-suspicion terry-stop terry-v-ohio warrantless-seizure QUESTION 1 : WAS THERE "REASONABLE SUSPICION" JUSTIFYING PETITIONER'S STOP AND FRISK UNDER TERRY WHEN THE OFFICERS EFFECTING THE "STOP " DID NOT OBSER…
21-6251 Jason Wattie Buzzard and Paul William Martin v. United States Fourth Circuit 2021-11-12 Denied Response WaivedIFP 4th-amendment civil-rights criminal-investigation fourth-amendment police-questioning prolonged-detention reasonable-suspicion search-and-seizure traffic-stop unlawful-detention Whether a police officer conducting a traffic stop unlawfully prolongs that stop, in violation of the Fourth Amendment, by asking the occupants of the…
21-532 Jacob Matthew Johnson v. Texas Texas 2021-10-12 Denied Amici (2)Response Waived calls-for-service criminal-activity fourth-amendment fourth-amendment-jurisprudence law-enforcement reasonable-suspicion warrantless-search Can three or four unadorned "calls for service" to an area (1) constitute a specific and articulable fact significantly associating said area with cri…
21-5913 Desmond S. Gaines v. United States Tenth Circuit 2021-10-07 Denied Response WaivedIFP 4th-amendment 911-tip anonymous-tip anonymous-tips corroboration drug-sales reasonable-suspicion search-and-seizure seizure terry-stop totality-of-circumstances An anonymous tip must either be reliable on its own or be adequately corroborated before it can provide reasonable suspicion to seize a person. This C…
21-5835 Guillermo Gonzalez-Zea v. United States Eleventh Circuit 2021-09-30 Denied Response WaivedIFP civil-rights identity immigration investigative-stop reasonable-suspicion terry-v-ohio I. Pursuant to Terry v. Ohio, 392 U.S. 1, 22 (1968) and its progeny, law enforcement officers may conduct a brief, investigative stop when, under the …
21-383 Wyoming v. William Thomas Mahaffy, V Wyoming 2021-09-09 Denied constitutional-law de-minimis-extension duration-of-stop fourth-amendment fourth-amendment-jurisprudence police-inquiry reasonable-suspicion traffic-stop unrelated-questioning Did the Rodriguez Court's rejection of de minimis extensions to traffic stops abrogate or limit Johnson, thereby prohibiting officers from posing any …
21-374 Steven Edward Struve v. Iowa Iowa 2021-09-08 Denied Response RequestedResponse WaivedRelisted (2) cellphone-use civil-rights fourth-amendment investigatory-stop law-enforcement reasonable-suspicion texting-while-driving traffic-stop Whether police officers in those states have reasonable suspicion under the Fourth Amendment to initiate an investigatory traffic stop, where they obs…
21-5612 Geontay Patterson v. United States Sixth Circuit 2021-09-08 Denied Response WaivedIFP 4th-amendment constitutional-rights controlled-substances prolonged-detention reasonable-suspicion search-and-seizure traffic-stop I. Mr. Patterson moved to suppress controlled substances found during a search of his person because there was no constitutional basis to seize and se…
21-5528 Gabriel Samar Martinez v. United States Eleventh Circuit 2021-08-30 Denied Response WaivedIFP can give rise to reasonable suspicion to justify standing alone 4th-amendment 4th-amendment-jurisprudence anonymous-tip corroboration fourth-amendment law-enforcement probable-cause reasonable-suspicion seizure terry-stop vehicle-stop Whether an uncorroborated anonymous tip, standing alone, can give rise to reasonable suspicion to justify a seizure.
21-287 Benjamin Caleb Trott v. Maryland Maryland 2021-08-26 Denied Response Waived anonymous-tip drunk-driving fourth-amendment reasonable-suspicion terry-stop vehicle-stop 1. Whether or under what circumstances the Fourth Amendment permits courts to balance the risk of harm posed by drunk driving against the intrusivenes…
21-5287 Cherosco Brewer v. United States Sixth Circuit 2021-08-04 Denied Response WaivedIFP civil-rights fourth-amendment reasonable-suspicion rodriguez-v-united-states terry-v-ohio traffic-stop 1. For an otherwise lawful traffic stop for a routine traffic violation, does the stop fail the duration test of Rodriguez v. United States, 575 U.S. …
21-5176 De'Undre Rashad Robert Turner v. United States Eleventh Circuit 2021-07-22 Denied IFP 4th-amendment federal-courts noncriminal-violation reasonable-suspicion seizure state-courts 1. Whether a seizure can be initiated upon reasonable suspicion of a noncriminal violation. 2. Whether law enforcement officers have reasonable suspi…
21-5027 Shane LaGrange v. United States Eighth Circuit 2021-07-07 Denied Response WaivedIFP circuit-court constitutional-rights exclusionary-rule fourth-amendment fourth-amendment-search-and-seizure law-enforcement police-conduct reasonable-suspicion traffic-stop WHETHER THE EIGHTH CIRCUIT IMPROPERLY CONCLUDED THAT THE FOURTH AMENDMENT PERMITS THE COURT TO FIND THAT REASONABLE SUSPICION FOR A TRAFFIC STOP EXIST…
20-1685 Scott Fulford, et al. v. George Wingate Fourth Circuit 2021-06-04 Denied civil-liability fourth-amendment law-enforcement-training qualified-immunity reasonable-suspicion terry-stop totality-of-circumstances totality-of-the-circumstances The Fourth Amendment requires that a Terry stop be supported by some minimal level of objective justification for the stop. In conducting a Fourth Ame…
20-8179 Chad Alan Soderman v. United States Eighth Circuit 2021-06-01 Denied Response WaivedIFP fourth-amendment fourth-amendment-violation investigative-detention police-investigation reasonable-suspicion rodriguez-standard rodriguez-v-united-states supervisory-power traffic-stop 1. ) Whether the Fourth Amendment was violated under Rodriguez v. United States, 575 U.S. 348 (2015) where individual acts by police to investigate a …
20-8180 Benjamin Ross v. United States Sixth Circuit 2021-06-01 Denied Response WaivedRelisted (2)IFP 4th-amendment 4th-amendment-violation fourth-amendment pretextual-stop probable-cause reasonable-suspicion rodriguez-precedent rodriguez-v-united-states traffic-stop NO. 1 WHETHER THE FOURTH AMENDMENT REQUIRES REASONABLE, ARTICULABLE SUSPICION AND PROBABLE CAUSE TO JUSTIFY A PRETEXTUAL TRAFFIC STOP? NO. 2. WHETHER…
20-8160 Tamaran Edward Bontemps v. United States Ninth Circuit 2021-05-28 Denied Response WaivedIFP 4th-amendment civil-rights criminal-procedure due-process fourth-amendment law-enforcement police-stop reasonable-suspicion search-and-seizure terry-stop terry-v-ohio Does a sweatshirt bulge alone give an objectively reasonable and particularized suspicion to stop Bontemps?
20-8156 Ricardo Renteria v. United States Ninth Circuit 2021-05-27 Denied Response WaivedIFP civil-procedure constitutional-rights fourth-amendment law-enforcement probable-cause reasonable-suspicion specific-facts statute-violation traffic-stop Whether reasonable suspicion to support a traffic stop under the Fourth Amendment requires a showing of specific facts that the suspect violated the r…
20-8057 Raymond Idemudia Aigbekaen v. United States Fourth Circuit 2021-05-18 Rehearing Response WaivedRelisted (3)IFP border-search civil-rights electronic-devices electronic-privacy forensic-examination fourth-amendment reasonable-suspicion warrantless-search Whether a warrantless forensic search at a border by agent of the United States of electronic cell phones and computers, lacking a reasonable suspicio…
20-1505 Zainab Merchant, et al. v. Alejandro N. Mayorkas, Secretary of Homeland Security, et al. First Circuit 2021-04-28 Denied Amici (2) border-search border-searches digital-contraband electronic-device electronic-devices fourth-amendment probable-cause reasonable-suspicion warrant-requirement Does the Fourth Amendment require that searches of electronic devices at the U.S. border be conducted pursuant to a warrant based on probable cause, o…
20-7716 Milton Mosley v. United States Third Circuit 2021-04-12 Denied Response WaivedIFP civil-rights criminal-procedure fourth-amendment law-enforcement probable-cause reasonable-suspicion search-and-seizure terry-stop terry-v-ohio The finding of the lower courts, where suspicion of criminal activity was clearly not "specific, individualized, and reasonable," is contrary to the S…
20-7612 Michael D. Johnson v. Indiana Indiana 2021-03-31 Denied Amici (2)Response WaivedIFP actual-suspicion circuit-split criminal-procedure fourth-amendment law-enforcement objective-standard reasonable-suspicion search-and-seizure terry-frisk terry-stop To uphold a Terry frisk as constitutional, the First and Ninth Circuits require the frisking officer to have actually suspected that the detainee may …
20-1340 Amanuel Gebrengus Atsemet v. Texas Texas 2021-03-24 Denied circuit-court-split constitutional-right-to-travel constitutional-rights fourth-amendment license-plate-profiling marijuana-legalization reasonable-suspicion right-to-travel totality-of-circumstances When applying the "totality of the circumstances" test for reasonable suspicion in a state that has criminalized marijuana, does the consideration of …
20-7444 Toddrey Bruce v. United States Eleventh Circuit 2021-03-12 Denied Response WaivedIFP anonymous-911-call circuit-split fourth-amendment high-crime-area law-enforcement navarette-v-california probable-cause reasonable-suspicion second-amendment traffic-stop In Navarette v. California, the Court held that the "absence of additional suspicious conduct"—five minutes of normal driving—did not dispel reasonabl…
20-7423 Jose Jesus Cruz v. United States Tenth Circuit 2021-03-11 Denied Response WaivedIFP 4th-amendment destruction-of-evidence evidence-destruction exigent-circumstances fourth-amendment law-enforcement probable-cause reasonable-suspicion search-and-seizure 1. Is it reasonable for law enforcement to enter a suspect's home under the exigent circumstances (fear of imminent destruction of evidence) exception…
20-7329 Justin L. Knight v. Nebraska Nebraska 2021-03-05 Denied Response WaivedIFP criminal-conviction criminal-procedure evidence-suppression fourteenth-amendment fourth-amendment investigative-stop reasonable-suspicion search-and-seizure traffic-stop Whether, under the totality-of-the circumstances test, the police officers in this case had reasonable suspicion that justified an investigative stop …
20-7290 Michael Scott Hanuman v. United States Eighth Circuit 2021-03-02 Denied Response WaivedIFP criminal-procedure emergency-aid emergency-aid-doctrine fourth-amendment law-enforcement protective-sweep reasonable-suspicion search-and-seizure This Court has held that when law enforcement officers are lawfully present within a private home to make an arrest, the Fourth Amendment permits a pr…
20-7119 Javier Alejandro Moline-Borroto v. United States Fifth Circuit 2021-02-11 Denied Response WaivedIFP 4th-amendment 5th-amendment checkpoint-seizure civil-rights due-process fourth-amendment investigatory-encounter prolonged-detention reasonable-suspicion search-and-seizure terry-stop terry-v-ohio Whether the lower courts erred by finding that the officer had reasonable suspicion to transform a suspicionless checkpoint seizure into a prolonged i…
20-7003 Justin Anthony Kudla v. Minnesota Minnesota 2021-02-01 Denied IFP 4th-amendment criminal-activity criminal-procedure fourth-amendment law-enforcement police-intrusion reasonable-suspicion terry-stop terry-v-ohio traffic-stop Did the district court error by denying the suppression motion where a police officer violated a rule announced in Terry v. Ohio, under the Fourth Ame…
20-1027 Joshua Coleman v. Louisiana Louisiana 2021-01-28 Denied Response Waived dog-sniff fourth-amendment probable-cause reasonable-suspicion traffic-stop unreasonable-seizure unreasonable-seizures Does the Fourth Amendment protection against unreasonable seizures tolerate a dog sniff which prolongs a stop, which occurs after all purposes for the…
20-6960 DeAndre McMichaels v. Illinois Illinois 2021-01-28 Denied Response WaivedIFP 2nd-amendment 4th-amendment concealed-carry fourth-amendment law-enforcement public-carry reasonable-suspicion search-and-seizure terry-stop terry-v-ohio In a state that permits residents to legally carry concealed firearms while in public, whether or under what circumstances an officer's belief that a …
20-993 Jeremy Mickens v. Arkansas Arkansas 2021-01-26 Denied Response Waived 4th-amendment civil-rights criminal-procedure dog-sniff due-process fourth-amendment law-enforcement probable-cause reasonable-suspicion search-and-seizure traffic-stop Whether a police officer may, in the absence of reasonable suspicion, extend an otherwise completed traffic stop, justified only by a police officer o…
20-6586 Shane Mauritz Vandergroen v. United States Ninth Circuit 2020-12-09 Denied IFP 4th-amendment anonymous-tip circuit-split corroboration law-enforcement reasonable-suspicion terry-stop warrant-exception warrant-requirement 1. Police officers may stop a person under an exception to the warrant requirement only if they have reasonable suspicion to support an assertion of i…
20-6551 Andy Williams v. United States Second Circuit 2020-12-07 Denied Relisted (2)IFP constitutional-law criminal-procedure fourth-amendment inventory-search probable-cause reasonable-suspicion rehaif-v-united-states warrantless-search Question One: Was the second warrantless search of the car - which followed the completed inventory search and was prompted by an officer's later-deve…
20-6472 Raquel Cortez v. United States Tenth Circuit 2020-12-01 Denied Response WaivedIFP 4th-amendment border-patrol civil-rights due-process fourth-amendment law-enforcement reasonable-suspicion search-and-seizure traffic-stop This Court has held that held that the use of a drug-detention canine unit after the completion of an otherwise lawful traffic stop exceeded the time …
20-6480 Maurice Freeman v. United States Eighth Circuit 2020-11-30 Denied Response WaivedIFP 4th-amendment bailey-v-united-states detention fourth-amendment immediate-vicinity michigan-v-summers police-authority premises-search probable-cause reasonable-suspicion search-and-seizure search-warrant 1. Does the rule of Michigan v. Summers, 452 U.S. 692 (1981), which permits police officers executing a search warrant to detain occupants of a reside…
20-6454 Mark David Zimmerman v. Texas Texas 2020-11-25 Denied IFP 4th-amendment constitutional-law constitutional-rights fourth-amendment fruit-of-the-poisonous-tree k-9-search probable-cause reasonable-suspicion search-and-seizure traffic-stop #I: Oid The State of Texas ard the Texas Criminal Court of Appeals, the State Court of last resort, err by affrming the lower trial Court and Judge Br…
20-733 Terrill A. Rickmon, Sr. v. United States Seventh Circuit 2020-11-25 Denied 4th-amendment circuit-split due-process emergency-exception fourth-amendment individualized-suspicion reasonable-suspicion terry-stop terry-v-ohio Does the sound of gunshots create an emergency so that the "individualized suspicion" required by Terry attaches to anyone near the shots?
20-6300 Bryan Mitchell Lietzau v. Arizona Arizona 2020-11-13 Denied IFP cell-phone cell-phone-privacy fourth-amendment privacy-rights probation probation-search reasonable-suspicion search warrantless-search Does the Fourth Amendment require reasonable suspicion for a probation officer to conduct a warrantless search of a probationer's person or property? …
20-6216 Michael E. Torres v. United States Third Circuit 2020-11-04 Denied Response WaivedIFP armed-career-criminal-act arrest criminal-procedure drug-conviction fourth-amendment fourth-amendment-seizure investigative-detention probable-cause reasonable-suspicion 1. The Fourth Amendment requires that police have probable cause before subjecting an individual to an arrest. Police surrounded Appellant, ordered hi…
20-6172 Yulian Manuel Villavicencio, aka Cristian Rodriguez v. United States Fourth Circuit 2020-10-30 Denied Response WaivedIFP 4th-amendment due-process fourth-amendment interdiction probable-cause reasonable-suspicion search traffic-stop vehicle-search Whether payment of $630 for a SUV rental in the defendant's home state of Florida to go to North Carolina for a visit, the inability to recall the spe…
20-6150 Andres Keyon Roman v. United States Fifth Circuit 2020-10-28 Denied Response WaivedIFP 4th-amendment collective-knowledge due-process fourth-amendment narcotics reasonable-suspicion search-and-seizure substantive-due-process vehicle-search warrantless-search Whether the District Court denied the Petitioner's constitutional right to substantive due process under the Fourth Amendment in this narcotics case b…
20-6142 Steven Spain v. Illinois Illinois 2020-10-27 Denied Response WaivedIFP 2nd-amendment 4th-amendment civil-rights due-process fourth-amendment gun-rights law-enforcement probable-cause reasonable-suspicion second-amendment terry-v-ohio In a state that allows residents to carry a firearm in public, is it reasonabl e under the Fourth Amendment to stop and arrest someone for carryi ng a…
20-6132 Mose B. Coffee v. Wisconsin Wisconsin 2020-10-26 Denied Response WaivedIFP categorical-approach crime-of-arrest fourth-amendment probable-cause reasonable-suspicion search-incident-to-arrest vehicle-search warrant-requirement Does Gant's reasonable-to-believe exception to the Fourth Amendment's warrant requirement permit searches on probable cause, reasonable suspicion or a…
20-6090 Reginald Ferguson v. United States Sixth Circuit 2020-10-21 Denied Relisted (2)IFP civil-rights consensual-encounter consent criminal-procedure due-process fourth-amendment law-enforcement probable-cause reasonable-suspicion testimony 1. Can a court determine that an encounter was initially consensual when the officer testified that he did not remember how it was initiated, nor is i…
20-518 Darrius Marcel Mastin v. United States Eleventh Circuit 2020-10-20 Denied arrest-warrant bystander-detention constitutional-law fourth-amendment law-enforcement-authority michigan-v-summers police-powers probable-cause reasonable-suspicion search-and-seizure Whether Michigan v. Summers, 452 U.S. 692 (1981), authorizes police officers executing an arrest warrant to detain a bystander without individualized …
20-6055 Terrill Bernard Weatherspoon v. United States Fourth Circuit 2020-10-16 Denied Response WaivedIFP 4th-amendment companion-rule fourth-amendment law-enforcement officer-safety pat-down-search reasonable-suspicion search-and-seizure terry-stop terry-v-ohio MUST AN OFFICER HAVE A REASONABLE SUSPICION THAT A COMPANION OF AN ARRESTEE IS ARMED AND DANGEROUS, INDEPENDENTLY OF A REASONABLE SUSPICION THAT THE A…
20-5991 Mayra Yurivia Reyes v. United States Fifth Circuit 2020-10-09 Denied Response WaivedIFP 4th-amendment canine-sniff detention-extension drug-enforcement fourth-amendment law-enforcement reasonable-suspicion search-and-seizure traffic-stop Whether Reyes' 4th Amendment Rights were violated by Officer Windham by extending his detention of Reyes for over 20 minutes to allow for a canine to …
20-5967 John Elisha Mayville v. United States Tenth Circuit 2020-10-08 Denied Response WaivedIFP criminal-history-check dog-sniff fourth-amendment officer-safety out-of-state-plates reasonable-suspicion tenth-circuit traffic-stop Whether an officer can spend his time conducting unrelated investigations, such as a dog sniff, while he is waiting for the results of a twelve minute…
20-411 Traize T. Wash v. Ohio Ohio 2020-09-29 Denied Response Waived 4th-amendment automobile-exception civil-rights fourth-amendment law-enforcement pretextual-stop probable-cause racial-profiling reasonable-suspicion search-and-seizure whren-v-united-states 1. Whether a police officer's subject ive intent should be considered in the context of a Fourth Amendment analysis involving a pretextual stop and un…
20-5843 Courtney C. Brown v. Wisconsin Wisconsin 2020-09-29 Denied Response WaivedIFP 4th-amendment constitutional-rights fourth-amendment police-authority reasonable-suspicion rodriguez-v-us search search-and-seizure totality-of-circumstances traffic-stop 1. Should the Court reverse Pennsylvania v. Mimms, 434 U.S. 106, 109-10 (1977), wherein, based on "the inordinate risk confronting an officer as he ap…
20-5555 Franklin C. Edwards v. Illinois Illinois 2020-09-01 Denied Response WaivedIFP 4th-amendment civil-rights criminal-procedure fourth-amendment investigatory-stop kansas-v-glover law-enforcement probable-cause reasonable-suspicion traffic-stop vehicle-search Duri ng the early morni ng hours, a shooti ng took place in a parking lot of an apartment compl ex. The crime scene was large. There were a lot of she…
20-5405 Jaroderick Hardy v. United States Eleventh Circuit 2020-08-20 Denied Response WaivedIFP criminal-procedure fourth-amendment high-crime-area investigative-stop law-enforcement probable-cause proximity reasonable-suspicion terry-stop Pursuant to Terry v. Ohio, 392 U.S. 1, 22 (1968) and its progeny, law enforcement officers may conduct a brief, investigative stop when, under the tot…
20-5390 Michael Betts v. United States Sixth Circuit 2020-08-18 Denied Response WaivedIFP 4th-amendment civil-rights constitutional-rights due-process fourth-amendment police-investigation police-powers reasonable-suspicion search-and-seizure traffic-stop warrantless-search Whether a police officer inquiring about drugs without reasonable suspicion unconstitutionally broadens a traffic investigation.
20-5392 Jermaine Tyrone Jones v. United States Sixth Circuit 2020-08-18 Denied Response WaivedIFP completed-misdemeanor criminal-procedure fourth-amendment investigatory-stop misdemeanor reasonable-suspicion vehicle-stop Is reasonable suspicion of a completed misdemeanor sufficient under the Fourth Amendment to justify an investigatory stop of a vehicle when there is n…
20-5338 Ibrahim McCants v. United States Third Circuit 2020-08-12 Denied Response WaivedIFP anonymous-tip corroboration domestic-violence fourth-amendment police-response probable-cause reasonable-suspicion stop-and-frisk 1. Does an anonymous tip providing minimal physical and location descriptors and alleging ongoing domestic violence that is not corroborated when poli…
20-5187 Thomas Lee Brennan v. Josh Stein, Attorney General of North Carolina Fourth Circuit 2020-07-28 Denied Response WaivedIFP fourth-amendment ineffective-assistance ineffective-assistance-of-counsel motion-to-suppress post-conviction-relief procedural-default reasonable-suspicion traffic-stop Question not identified.
19-8754 Francisco Armando Martinez v. United States Tenth Circuit 2020-06-19 Denied Response WaivedIFP appellate-review circuit-split consensual-encounter district-court fourth-amendment law-enforcement motion-to-suppress reasonable-suspicion standard-of-review suppression I. Whether an appellate court must uphold the ruling of the district court if there is any reasonable view of the evidence to support it where the dis…
19-8676 Fatou Small v. United States Third Circuit 2020-06-11 Denied Response WaivedIFP fourth-amendment informant-tip probable-cause reasonable-suspicion totality-of-the-circumstances traffic-offense vehicle-stop Whether a vehicle stop was performed in violation of Petitioner's Fourth Amendment rights when no observable traffic offense was committed by Petition…
19-8594 Justin Harrington Darrell v. United States Fifth Circuit 2020-06-03 Denied Response RequestedResponse WaivedRelisted (2)IFP 4th-amendment civil-rights due-process fourth-amendment high-crime-area illinois-v-wardlow officer-safety reasonable-suspicion seizure terry-stop terry-v-ohio Whether "officer safety" can justify the seizure of a person for a Terry stop, instead of pointing to specific, articulable facts that lead him to rea…
19-1309 Kari Janae Phipps v. Idaho Idaho 2020-05-21 Denied Amici (1)Response RequestedResponse WaivedRelisted (2) 4th-amendment detention detention-authority fourth-amendment michigan-v-summers probation probation-search reasonable-suspicion residence-check search-and-seizure search-warrant summers-doctrine Whether the "limited authority to detain" during the execution of a judicially approved search warrant for contraband, Michigan v. Summers, 452 U.S. 6…
19-8423 Christopher Gies v. Ohio Ohio 2020-05-08 Denied Response WaivedIFP fourth-amendment good-faith good-faith-doctrine probable-cause probation-search reasonable-suspicion statutory-compliance warrantless-search warrants-clause Does a warrantless probation search conducted outside the scope of an authorizing state regulation and not authorized by a condition of probation, and…
19-8401 Roderick Delon Lewis v. United States Fourth Circuit 2020-05-05 Denied Response WaivedIFP collins-v-virginia curtilage fourth-amendment probable-cause reasonable-suspicion terry-stop terry-v-ohio warrant 1- Whether an officer's intrusion into the front and back yards of the Petitioner's residence so obviously implicated the Fourth Amendment curtilage p…
19-1221 Derrick Lucius Williams, Jr. v. United States Tenth Circuit 2020-04-16 Denied border-search circuit-split customs digital-device forensic-search fourth-amendment reasonable-suspicion warrant-exception To conduct a warrantless forensic search of a digital device at the border, do government agents need reasonable suspicion that the device contains di…
19-8250 Michael Thomas Gaussiran v. United States Ninth Circuit 2020-04-13 Denied Response WaivedIFP constitutional-rights fourth-amendment probable-cause reasonable-suspicion search-and-seizure traffic-stop unreasonable-searches unreasonable-searches-and-seizures vehicle-search Whether the Fourth Amendment's Right To Be Free From Unreasonable Searches And Seizures Requires Reversal When There Is No Evidence To Support Reasona…
19-8131 Dwayne B. Sheron v. United States Sixth Circuit 2020-03-30 Denied Response WaivedIFP 4th-amendment civil-rights due-process fourth-amendment law-enforcement police-powers probable-cause reasonable-suspicion search-and-seizure vehicle-search warrantless-search WHETHER a police officer can utter the magic words "I smelled an odor of marihuana" long after he conducted illegal search of a vehicle to justify sai…
19-1161 Justin Hawkins v. Ohio Ohio 2020-03-23 Denied Response Waived 4th-amendment civil-rights due-process fourth-amendment law-enforcement probable-cause reasonable-suspicion stolen-vehicle traffic-stop vehicle-registration vehicle-search Whether a report that a car's color is different from the color listed on the car's registration — without any additional facts — gives a police offic…
19-8050 Cuwan Merritt v. United States First Circuit 2020-03-20 Denied Response WaivedIFP 4th-amendment canine-sniff criminal-procedure de-facto-arrest law-enforcement probable-cause reasonable-articulable-suspicion reasonable-suspicion search-and-seizure Whether the level of corroboration and investigation required for reasonable articulable suspicion gives rise to a de facto arrest, which requires pro…
19-7881 Tavares L. Farrington v. United States Sixth Circuit 2020-03-05 Denied Response WaivedIFP 4th-amendment criminal-behavior criminal-procedure first-hand-witness fourth-amendment fourth-amendment-search-and-seizure law-enforcement reasonable-suspicion search-and-seizure second-hand-information terry-stop Under the Fourth Amendment, a Terry stop and frisk must be supported by reasonable suspicion that a crime has been or will soon be committed. Here, po…
19-1059 Angela Hamm, et vir v. Tennessee Tennessee 2020-02-26 Denied Amici (1) 4th-amendment fourth-amendment home-invasion home-search law-enforcement-search privacy privacy-rights probation probation-condition reasonable-suspicion search-and-seizure warrantless-search Whether police violate the Fourth Amendment when they conduct a suspicionless search of a probationer's home.
19-7716 Timmy Wallace v. United States Second Circuit 2020-02-20 Denied Response WaivedRelisted (2)IFP 4th-amendment database-search fourth-amendment police-database reasonable-suspicion rodriguez-precedent rodriguez-v-united-states search-and-seizure traffic-stop vehicle-identification 1. Does Rodriguez v. United States, 135 S. Ct. 1609 (2015) permit a traffic stop to be extended based on a suspicion that had already been dispelled b…
19-7519 Ericka Hernandez-Nunez v. United States Ninth Circuit 2020-01-31 Denied Response WaivedIFP crime-detection criminal-procedure exculpatory-evidence fourth-amendment holistic-analysis inculpatory-evidence law-enforcement motion-to-suppress reasonable-inference reasonable-suspicion search-and-seizure Whether the Fourth Amendment requirement of reasonableness requires that a determination of reasonable suspicion be based upon an explicit identificat…
19-7490 Omar Ernesto Hernandez v. United States Ninth Circuit 2020-01-30 Denied Response WaivedIFP 4th-amendment appeal conclusory-statements criminal-procedure fourth-amendment human-smuggling investigatory-stop law-enforcement law-enforcement-database reasonable-suspicion Whether, in determining that there was reasonable suspicion for an investigatory stop, the district court and Ninth Circuit erred by relying on factua…
19-7432 Edwin David Calligan v. Indiana Indiana 2020-01-27 Denied Response WaivedIFP 4th-amendment civil-rights fourth-amendment michigan-v-long officer-safety protective-sweep reasonable-suspicion search-and-seizure traffic-stop vehicle-search 1. Whether this Court should reconsider the reasonableness of its premise in Michigan v. Long; 463 U.S. 1032 (1983), that officers could reasonably fe…
19-7370 Mario Alberto Buenrostro-Lopez v. United States Ninth Circuit 2020-01-22 Denied Response WaivedIFP 4th-amendment anonymous-tip border-patrol border-security civil-rights criminal-activity criminal-procedure due-process fourth-amendment investigatory-stop reasonable-suspicion vehicle-stop Whether an individual's telephone call to law enforcement, in which he stated that a person was picked up by vehicle in an area known for alien smug g…
19-814 Tony Deshawn McCoy v. United States Fourth Circuit 2019-12-27 Denied Amici (1) armed-and-dangerous fourth-amendment law-enforcement-discretion marijuana-possession probable-cause reasonable-suspicion search-and-seizure terry-stop terry-v-ohio Whether officers can presume that a person is "armed and presently dangerous" simply because the person possesses any amount of marijuana, however sma…
19-6343 Antoine Richmond v. United States Seventh Circuit 2019-10-23 Denied IFP 4th-amendment criminal-procedure felon-in-possession fourth-amendment home-entry home-privacy probable-cause reasonable-suspicion search-and-seizure warrantless-search Police officers were patrolling a residential neighborhood when they saw Petitioner walking on the sidewalk. They saw that he had something in his fro…
19-452 Gregory Clark v. Austin Clark Eighth Circuit 2019-10-04 Denied Response Waived excessive-force fourth-amendment police-encounter reasonable-suspicion seizure voluntary-interaction 1. During a voluntary interaction in which the subject hands a police officer his ID, if the officer runs the subject is it an unconstitutional seizur…
19-426 Pennsylvania v. Michael J. Hicks Pennsylvania 2019-10-01 Denied Amici (1) 4th-amendment civil-rights constitutional-analysis due-process element-or-defense-test firearm-possession innocent-scenarios law-enforcement police-officer police-stop reasonable-suspicion stop totality-of-circumstances 1. Whether the Pennsylvania Supreme Court's decision in this case is contrary to this Court's precedent and established framework for the analysis of …
19-327 Jaonte Hairston v. Ohio, et al. Ohio 2019-09-10 Denied Amici (1)Response Waived aggregate-facts constitutional-rights fourth-amendment fourth-amendment-reasonableness law-enforcement limited-search police-conduct reasonable-suspicion search-and-seizure terry-stop This dispute turns on the proper interpretation of the Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution. In a jurisdiction where citizens are entitl…
19-5751 Charles Massengill v. United States Sixth Circuit 2019-08-29 Denied Response WaivedIFP 4th-amendment criminal-procedure due-process fourth-amendment interstate-compact parole parole-supervision parolee-rights reasonable-suspicion search-and-seizure state-statute warrantless-search Whether reasonable suspicion is required for a law enforcement officer to conduct a warrantless search of a parolee or his residence in the absence of…
19-5600 Rafael Tello v. United States Fifth Circuit 2019-08-15 Denied Response WaivedIFP 4th-amendment border-patrol canine-sniff fourth-amendment free-air-sniff immigration-checkpoint martinez-fuerte-standard reasonable-suspicion search-and-seizure united-states-v-martinez-fuerte May a Border Patrol agent working in the primary inspection lane of an interior immigration checkpoint extend the immigration stop beyond the "brief q…
19-5456 Ibrahim McCants v. United States Third Circuit 2019-08-05 GVR IFP anonymous-tip categorical-approach criminal-law criminal-statute divisibility-of-state-statutes domestic-violence due-process federal-criminal-procedure firearms fourth-amendment mathis-v-united-states mens-rea police-stop-and-frisk reasonable-suspicion rehaif-standard rehaif-v-united-states statutory-interpretation stop-and-frisk supreme-court-precedent third-circuit-court-of-appeals 1. In light of this Court's recent decision in Rehaif v. United States, 139 S. Ct. 2191 (2019), should this Court grant certiorari, vacate the judgmen…
19-5347 Joshua Frederick Davis v. United States Fourth Circuit 2019-07-26 Denied Response WaivedIFP 4th-amendment civil-rights dog-sniff due-process probable-cause reasonable-suspicion search-and-seizure terry-stop traffic-stop Will this Honrable Curt revisit Elrida VHars to clariy what the Court meant bY "THE DOG'S ALERT"? Is THE DOG'S ALERT, the behavior that the day is IRA…
19-5306 Born Murray v. United States Sixth Circuit 2019-07-25 Denied Response WaivedIFP civil-rights detention fourth-amendment investigation investigative-detention law-enforcement reasonable-suspicion seizure time-frame traffic-stop Where a police officer admittedly abandons the initial basis for a traffic stop to pursue a new investigation unsupported by reasonable suspicion, doe…
18-1577 Pennsylvania v. Edward Adams Pennsylvania 2019-06-25 Denied Response RequestedResponse WaivedRelisted (3) 4th-amendment 4th-amendment-law civil-rights conflict-with-other-jurisdictions fourth-amendment investigative-detention law-enforcement-encounter pennsylvania-supreme-court probable-cause reasonable-suspicion seizure terry-stop traffic-stop The question presented is whether the Pennsylvania Supreme Court erred in finding that Adams was subjected to an unreasonable seizure in violation of …
18-9756 Hector Guadalupe Lozano v. United States Fifth Circuit 2019-06-21 Denied Response WaivedIFP 4th-amendment civil-rights drug-dog fourth-amendment law-enforcement lawful-possession odor-detection probable-cause reasonable-suspicion search-and-seizure Whether a drug dog's alert, standing alone, is sufficient to establish probable cause to search when the dog is known to react to the odor of a substa…
18-1554 Lawrence W. Blessinger v. United States Eleventh Circuit 2019-06-19 Denied Amici (1) circuit-split completed-misdemeanor fourth-amendment investigatory-stop law-enforcement-efficacy misdemeanor police-detention privacy-interests reasonable-suspicion terry-stop terry-v-ohio Whether the Fourth Amendment permits police to detain a suspect under Terry v. Ohio to investigate a completed misdemeanor.
18-9722 Jonathan Edward Meier v. United States Eighth Circuit 2019-06-19 Denied Response WaivedIFP civil-rights fourth-amendment investigative-stop law-enforcement law-enforcement-detention pat-down probable-cause prolonged-detention reasonable-suspicion search-and-seizure unreasonable-search weapons-search Whether law enforcement violates the Fourth Amendment right against unreasonable search and seizure when it holds an individual for a prolonged period…
18-9631 Erickson Meko Campbell v. United States Eleventh Circuit 2019-06-11 Denied Response WaivedRelisted (2)IFP 4th-amendment exclusionary-rule fourth-amendment good-faith-exception reasonable-suspicion rodriguez-v-united-states seizure-doctrine traffic-stop united-states-v-griffin whether the exclusionary rule should apply when the only precedent the officer could rely on was not directly on point, explicitly rejected a bright-l…
18-1486 Zachariah J. Marshall v. Indiana Indiana 2019-05-29 Denied Response Waived 4th-amendment federal-precedent fourth-amendment law-enforcement reasonable-suspicion speeding traffic-stop vehicle-movement vehicle-speed warrantless-stop Whether the Supreme Court of Indiana's decision was contrary to federal precedent when it held that there was reasonable suspicion to substantiate a w…
18-1478 Ryan Lawrence Steck v. Maryland Maryland 2019-05-28 Denied Response Waived 4th-amendment drug-dog-search drug-sniffing-dog fourth-amendment law-enforcement-procedure police-investigation police-procedure probable-cause reasonable-suspicion search search-and-seizure vehicle-search When a drug-sniffing dog fails to alert as trained to but, according to its handler is behaving as if he is "in odor" of the presence of drugs, does t…
18-9381 Hubert Youte v. United States Eleventh Circuit 2019-05-22 Denied IFP border-search civil-rights fourth-amendment living-quarters maritime-law reasonable-suspicion search-and-seizure vessel vessel-search Whether the Fourth Amendment requires reasonable suspicion to enter and search the living quarters on a vessel docked at the border.
18-1408 John Washek v. Vermont Vermont 2019-05-09 Denied Response Waived complete-defense constitutional-rights criminal-behavior criminal-charge criminal-procedure due-process evidence-presentation fourth-amendment innocent-behavior probable-cause reasonable-suspicion right-to-defense terry-stop 1. Whether Defendant/Petitioner John Washek's Fourth Amendment rights were violated because the police officer's Terry stop was based on observations …
18-9036 Gregory Tarrel Brown v. Virginia, et al. Virginia 2019-04-30 Denied Response WaivedIFP 4th-amendment civil-rights curtilage fourth-amendment plain-smell-doctrine probable-cause reasonable-suspicion search-and-seizure terry-stop terry-v-ohio 1. Was the entry by law enforcement on the curtilage of the property based on an unsubstantiated tip, without consent, violative of the Fourth Amendme…
18-8988 Airrington L. Sykes v. United States Eighth Circuit 2019-04-25 Denied Response RequestedResponse WaivedRelisted (2)IFP 2nd-amendment civil-rights concealed-carry due-process firearm-possession fourth-amendment law-enforcement reasonable-suspicion terry-stop (1) Whether law enforcement can presume any concealed carry of a firearm is unlawful and conduct a Terry stop when the state statute does not criminal…
18-8785 Temarco Sartorio Pope, Jr. v. United States Eighth Circuit 2019-04-11 Denied Response RequestedResponse WaivedRelisted (2)IFP 2nd-amendment civil-rights concealed-carry criminal-procedure due-process fourth-amendment law-enforcement police-powers reasonable-suspicion terry-stop (1) Whether law enforcement can presume any concealed carry of a firearm is unlawful and conduct a Terry stop when the state statute does not criminal…
18-8438 Abdul Cole v. Virginia Virginia 2019-03-15 Denied Response WaivedIFP 4th-amendment administrative-law civil-rights due-process fourth-amendment jurisdictional-standards procedural-due-process reasonable-suspicion search-and-seizure sexual-harassment strip-search title-ix university-liability IM asking the Court to over look My Case, and I'm hoping oCan be dismissed. it Will the outCome of the Writ of Certiorari affect My
18-1188 Jeffrey A. Jacobi v. Wisconsin Wisconsin 2019-03-13 Denied Response Waived civil-procedure civil-rights criminal-procedure due-process evidence fourth-amendment intoxication intoxication-determination intoxication-inference law-enforcement law-enforcement-inference police-inference probable-cause reasonable-suspicion traffic-accident traffic-stop vehicle-collision Where one driver involved in a vehicle collision did not report to police that she observed any behavior by the other driver (Jacobi) to suggest that …
18-8377 Walter D. Booker v. T. Johnson, et al. Fourth Circuit 2019-03-11 Dismissed Response WaivedRelisted (2)IFP 42-usc-1983 civil-rights criminal-procedure fourth-amendment investigative-detention probable-cause qualified-immunity reasonable-suspicion section-1983 seizure WHETHER THE OFFICERS HAD REASONABLE SUSPICION TO SEIZE MR. BOOKER SHABAZZALLAH? WHETHER THE OFFICERS HAD PROBABLE CAUSE TO CONVERT SEIZURE INTO AN AR…
18-1166 Colton W. Sievers v. Nebraska Nebraska 2019-03-08 Denied Amici (1)Response RequestedResponse WaivedRelisted (2) 4th-amendment-search-and-seizure constitutional-law criminal-procedure criminal-suspect fourth-amendment information-gathering police-investigative-stop police-powers police-stop reasonable-suspicion search-and-seizure terry-stop Whether Illinois v. Lidster, 540 U.S. 419 (2004), allows the police to stop a criminal suspect in the absence of reasonable suspicion on the ground th…
18-1157 Edwin A. Vega v. Ohio Ohio 2019-03-07 Denied detention fourth-amendment law-enforcement probable-cause reasonable-suspicion rodriguez-v-united-states search-and-seizure united-states-v-ross usps vehicle-search 1. In its decision in the above captioned matter did the Ohio Supreme Court reverse this honorable Court's decision in Rodriguez v. United States, 135…
18-8293 Rodolfo Rivero Garcia, Jr. v. United States Fifth Circuit 2019-03-05 Denied Response WaivedIFP 4th-amendment border-patrol border-search drug-interdiction drug-trafficking fourth-amendment reasonable-suspicion terry-stop traffic-stop vehicle-search vehicle-stop Whether the stop of Mr. Garcia's vehicle was supported by reasonable suspicion of illegal activity where the only factors present were: (1) the stop o…
18-8213 Hector Santillan v. United States Second Circuit 2019-03-04 Denied Response WaivedIFP 4th-amendment fourth-amendment minority-communities police-interrogation police-investigation prolonged-detention reasonable-suspicion reid-v-georgia rodriguez-standard rodriguez-v-united-states traffic-stop Whether, per the Fourth Amendment and this Court's holdings in Rodriguez v. United States, 135 S.Ct. 1609, 1616 (2015) and Reid v. Georgia, 448 U.S. 4…
18-8177 Julia Augusta Constan Macri v. Illinois Illinois 2019-02-28 Denied Response WaivedIFP 4th-amendment circuit-split constitutional-rights criminal-procedure deviation fourth-amendment fourth-amendment-search-and-seizure illinois-v-caballes law-enforcement original-purpose reasonable-suspicion rodriguez-v-united-states traffic-stop Under this Court's Fourth Amendment decisions, an officer is prohibited from prolonging a traffic stop beyond its original purpose without "reasonable…
18-1111 James J. Kaufman v. Scott Walker, et al. Wisconsin 2019-02-26 Denied Response RequestedResponse WaivedRelisted (2) civil-versus-punitive ex-post-facto fourth-amendment gps-monitoring judicial-review Lifetime-GPS-Monitoring Reasonable-Suspicion retroactive-application retroactive-law sex-offender sex-offenders The State of Wisconsin (like several other states) enacted their lifetime GPS monitoring law for sex offenders in 2008 and made that law retroactive t…
18-7882 Christopher M. Gates v. United States Ninth Circuit 2019-02-11 Denied Response WaivedIFP 4th-amendment civil-rights due-process fourth-amendment handcuffs investigative-detention officer-safety reasonable-suspicion terry-stop use-of-force A. Whether use of handcuffs is permissible during a mere investigative detention, or "Terry stop," where there is a risk to officer safety. B. Whethe…
18-7294 Sergio Antonio Zambrano v. United States Eleventh Circuit 2019-01-08 Denied Response WaivedIFP 4th-amendment fourth-amendment pat-down probable-cause reasonable-suspicion search-and-seizure terry-stop terry-v-ohio warrantless-search warrantless-searches Where a police officer initiates a stop of an individual pursuant to Terry v. Ohio and pats down the outer clothing of the individual and feels an obj…
18-7195 Eduardo Gomez v. Illinois Illinois 2018-12-28 Denied Response WaivedIFP 4th-amendment 4th-amendment-jurisprudence criminal-activity firearm-possession investigatory-seizure police-powers reasonable-suspicion Does suspected possession of a firearm, on its own, provide a police officer with reasonable suspicion of criminal activity to justify an investigator…
18-7179 Trevelle J. Taylor v. Nebraska Nebraska 2018-12-27 Denied IFP 4th-amendment arrest-standards civil-rights confrontation-clause criminal-procedure due-process probable-cause reasonable-suspicion search witness-testimony Whether a persons mere proximity to others independently suspected of criminal activity, withoutmore, give rise to probable cause to search that perso…
18-7124 Ruben Geovanni Hernandez v. Texas Texas 2018-12-19 Denied IFP 4th-amendment civil-rights criminal-procedure due-process fishing-expedition fourth-amendment law-enforcement reasonable-suspicion scope-of-detention search-and-seizure traffic-stop vehicle-search In Ohio v. Robinette, 519 U.S. 35, 41 (1996) Justice Ginsburg, in a concurring opinion, discussed the need to evaluate both the reason for an initial …
18-6963 Muhammed Tariq Camran v. United States Ninth Circuit 2018-12-07 Denied Response WaivedIFP 11th-circuit 11th-circuit-split 4th-amendment 4th-circuit 4th-circuit-split circuit-split drug-corridor fourth-amendment law-enforcement reasonable-suspicion rental-vehicle search-and-seizure traffic-stop vehicle-rental Should this court resolve the split between the Fourth and Eleventh Circuit about the probity of the fact that a vehicle is a rental in the reasonable…
18-6908 Livingston Manners v. Ronald Cannella, et al. Eleventh Circuit 2018-12-04 Denied IFP 42-U.S.C.-1983 Excessive-Force fleeing-and-eluding fourth-amendment Fourth-Amendment-Violation probable-cause qualified-immunity reasonable-suspicion traffic-stop Is there a violation of the fourth amendment where the arrest of a civilian stems from an illegal traffic stop - a traffic stop without either probabl…
18-667 Lonnie Charles Williams, III v. Texas Texas 2018-11-21 Denied Response Waived driving-while-intoxicated drug-detection fourth-amendment intoxication-signs law-enforcement odor-of-alcohol probable-cause reasonable-suspicion search-and-seizure traffic-stop Whether reasonable suspicion under the Fourth Amendment can exist in a driving while intoxicated context when officers do not detect the odor of alcoh…
18-6775 Edward Joseph Kehoe v. United States Fourth Circuit 2018-11-21 Denied Response WaivedIFP 4th-amendment criminal-procedure fourth-amendment harmless-error impartial-judge judicial-error racial-bias racial-discrimination reasonable-suspicion search-and-seizure structural-error warrantless-search At the suppression hearing in this federal criminal case, the district court explicitly relied on Petitioner's race to conclude that there was reasona…
18-6664 Daniel David Garza v. United States Fifth Circuit 2018-11-14 Denied Response WaivedIFP 4th-amendment exclusionary-rule fourth-amendment law-enforcement motion-to-suppress probable-cause reasonable-suspicion search-and-seizure traffic-stop Whether the lower courts erred in denying Mr. Garza's Motion to Suppress based on the erroneous finding that the officer had reasonable suspicion to i…
18-556 Kansas v. Charles Glover Kansas 2018-10-29 Judgment Issued Amici (10)Response RequestedResponse WaivedRelisted (3) 4th-amendment fourth-amendment habitual-violator investigative-stop law-enforcement reasonable-suspicion registered-owner traffic-law traffic-laws vehicle-registration vehicle-stop A Kansas officer ran a registration check on a pickup truck and learned that the registered owner's license had been revoked. Suspecting that the owne…
18-6484 Markus Davis v. United States Fourth Circuit 2018-10-29 Denied Response WaivedIFP civil-rights fourth-amendment pat-down police-procedure prior-incidents reasonable-suspicion search-and-seizure traffic-stop Whether factors based largely on prior incidents, some years old, can provide a police officer with the reasonable suspicion the Fourth Amendment requ…
18-531 Terry Lee Coffman v. Iowa Iowa 2018-10-24 Denied Response Waived cady-v-dombrowski cady-v-drombrowski community-caretaking constitutional-law exigent-circumstances fourth-amendment immediate-need objective-facts police-assistance probable-cause reasonable-suspicion search-and-seizure warrant-requirement warrantless-seizure WHETHER THIS COURT'S HOLDING IN CADY V. DROMBROWSKI, 413 U.S. 433 (1973), PERMITS A WARRANTLESS SEIZURE UNDER THE FOURTH AMENDMENT WITHOUT OBJECTIVE F…
18-6390 Valiant White v. Michigan Michigan 2018-10-19 Denied IFP acquitted-conduct civil-rights constitutional-rights due-process fruit-of-the-poisonous-tree impeachment-of-jury-verdict independent-finding-of-guilt ineffective-counsel jury-acquitted-conduct jury-trial jury-trial-right reasonable-suspicion WHETHER, CONTRARY TO UNITED STATES SUPREME COURT PRECEDENTS, THE TRIAL COURT, MICHIGAN COURT OF APPEALS, MICHIGAN SUPREME COURT ARBITRARILY DENIED PET…
18-6297 Jorge Robles-Avalos v. United States Fifth Circuit 2018-10-15 Denied Response WaivedIFP 4th-amendment border-patrol fourth-amendment motion-to-suppress probable-cause reasonable-suspicion search-and-seizure totality-of-the-circumstances vehicle-stop In ruling on a motion to suppress evidence obtained as a result of a roving Border Patrol stop, must a court consider, as part of the totality of the …
18-6310 LeShawn Lawson v. United States Ninth Circuit 2018-10-12 Denied Response RequestedResponse WaivedRelisted (2)IFP 4th-amendment civil-rights drug-activity due-process fourth-amendment investigative-questioning pretextual-stop prolonged-detention reasonable-suspicion rodriguez-rule rodriguez-v-united-states traffic-stop First, whether five minutes of drug-related investigative questioning of a driver at the beginning of an admittedly pretextual traffic stop, while no …
18-437 Dmitri I. Medvedev v. Henrico County Virginia 2018-10-05 Denied 4th-amendment civil-rights driver's-license due-process dui fourth-amendment probable-cause reasonable-suspicion seizure terry-stop terry-v-ohio Under Terry v. Ohio, 392 U.S. 1 (1968), a police officer can briefly detain a person based on reasonable suspicion that the person is involved in crim…
18-6179 Mario Govan Emmanuel v. Territory of the Virgin Islands Virgin Islands 2018-10-02 Denied IFP 4th-amendment bolo-flyer collective-knowledge collective-knowledge-doctrine fellow-officer-doctrine fourth-amendment officer-discretion reasonable-suspicion stop-and-frisk terry-stop terry-v-ohio united-states-v-hensley whiteley-v-warden Does the collective knowledge or fellow officer doctrine eliminate the need for the BOLO-flyer "to articulate facts supporting a reasonable suspicion …
18-6137 Steven Doyle Burton v. United States Ninth Circuit 2018-09-28 Denied IFP 4th-amendment civil-rights criminal-procedure due-process fourth-amendment probation probation-search probation-searches reasonable-suspicion search search-condition standing A. Whether the Fourth Amendment allows probation searches without reasonable suspicion. B. Whether the Fourth Amendment allows probation searches wit…
18-339 June Harper v. Arthur Leahy, et al. Second Circuit 2018-09-14 Denied Amici (1) arrest-warrant civil-rights fourth-amendment home-entry law-enforcement-procedure payton-standard payton-v-new-york probable-cause reasonable-suspicion Does the Fourth Amendment require police officers to have probable cause to believe that a suspect is present in a home before forcing entry into that…
18-5987 Ajohntae Hammond v. United States Tenth Circuit 2018-09-14 Denied Response WaivedIFP 4th-amendment circuit-split fourth-amendment officer-safety police-discretion pretext probable-cause qualified-immunity reasonable-suspicion search-and-seizure totality-of-circumstances totality-of-the-circumstances warrantless-search When deciding whether a police officer's fear for his safety justified a warrantless search of a person not suspected of any crime, may courts limit t…
18-5973 Alvin Ramirez-De Jesus v. United States First Circuit 2018-09-13 Denied Response WaivedIFP 18-usc-3553(a) booker-standard criminal-procedure drug-conspiracy exclusionary-rule fourth-amendment probable-cause probation-revocation procedural-reasonableness reasonable-suspicion search-and-seizure sentencing-factors sentencing-guidelines substantive-reasonableness supervised-release Question not identified.
18-5874 Nalenzer Lee Edwards v. United States Eighth Circuit 2018-09-04 Denied Response WaivedIFP arrest confidential-informant drug-possession eighth-circuit fourth-amendment law-enforcement probable-cause reasonable-suspicion vehicle-stop As recently as 2014, this Court reemphasized that an informant's knowledge of a suspect's future movements may be indicative of some familiarity with …
18-5682 Landon Trevor Anderson v. United States Fifth Circuit 2018-08-21 Denied Response WaivedIFP 4th-amendment circuit-split fourth-amendment harmless-error plain-error reasonable-suspicion supervised-release supervised-release-conditions 1. Must searches conducted as conditions of federal supervised release be supported by at least reasonable suspicion? 2. Is the Fifth Circuit wrong t…
18-5667 Matthew Desmond Browne v. United States Ninth Circuit 2018-08-20 Denied Response WaivedIFP anonymous-tip civil-rights criminal-procedure fourth-amendment law-enforcement-procedure location-prediction probable-cause reasonable-suspicion vehicle-identification vehicle-search warrantless-seizure Is the Fourth Amendment violated when a warrantless seizure is carried out based on an anonymous tip that correctly identifies a vehicle and a driver'…
18-145 Stepheno Jemain Alston v. South Carolina South Carolina 2018-07-31 Denied Response Waived 4th-amendment automobile-detention civil-rights due-process fourth-amendment law-enforcement probable-cause reasonable-suspicion seizure traffic-stop Does South Carolina's reasonable suspicion analysis, in the context of prolonged automobile detentions, violate due process when it fails to sufficien…
18-5267 Arthur Waters v. United States Eighth Circuit 2018-07-18 Denied Response WaivedIFP 4th-amendment categorical-exception drug-distribution exigent-circumstances fourth-amendment in-home-arrest precedent protective-sweep reasonable-suspicion search-and-seizure Almost thirty years ago, this Court established the parameters of a protective sweep incident to an in-home arrest in Maryland v. Buie, 494 U.S. 325 (…
18-48 Minnesota v. Quentin Todd Chute Minnesota 2018-07-09 Denied Response RequestedResponse WaivedRelisted (2) curtilage fourth-amendment knock-and-talk plain-view plain-view-doctrine probable-cause reasonable-expectation-of-privacy reasonable-suspicion search search-and-seizure After Florida v. Jardines, 569 U.S. 1 (2013), and Collins v. Virginia, 138 S.Ct. 1663 (2018), it is unclear - and there is a split in authority on - w…
18-13 Juan Francisco Maldonado v. Texas Texas 2018-07-02 Denied Response Waived canine-sniff civil-procedure consent-to-search constitutional-rights fourteenth-amendment fourth-amendment law-enforcement reasonable-suspicion search-and-seizure traffic-stop The Court of Appeals erred in applying the incorrect Fourth Amendment standard to Mr. Maldonado's traffic stop. Once the purpose of the traffic stop c…
18-5016 George Eli Brown, Jr. v. United States Eighth Circuit 2018-06-28 Denied Response WaivedIFP 4th-amendment driver's-license due-process fourth-amendment inchoate-hunch law-enforcement motorist-rights police-investigation reasonable-suspicion sentencing traffic-stop DOES A POLICE OFFICER'S BELIEF THAT HE ALLEGEDLY HAS REASONABLE SUSPICION A MOTORIST DOES NOT HAVE A DRIVER'S LICENSE DIMINISH TO AN INCHOATE HUNCH OR…