legal-standards

61 cases — ← All topics

Case Title Lower Court Docketed Status Flags Tags Question Presented
25A449 Kerry E. Silvers v. Indiana Indiana 2025-10-17 Presumed Complete appellate-procedure criminal-procedure indiana-supreme-court legal-standards post-conviction-relief retroactive-law Question not identified.
24-7485 Christopher Langdon v. Sun Lake Multi-Family Holdings, LLC, et al. Florida 2025-06-25 Denied IFP court-procedure due-process equal-protection judicial-access legal-standards pro-se-litigation (1) Do the courts in Florida deny: due process of law; equal protection under the law; and meaningful access to the courts, to pro se, non-prisoner, l…
24-7484 Christopher Langdon v. Sun Lake Multi-Family Holdings, LLC, et al. Florida 2025-06-25 Denied IFP court-access due-process equal-protection judicial-procedure legal-standards pro-se-litigation (1) Do the courts in Florida deny: due process of law; equal protection under the law; and meaningful access to the courts;- to pro se, non-prisoner, …
24-6819 Kenneth Daywitt, et al. v. Jodi Harpstead, Commissioner, Minnesota Department of Human Services, in her Individual and Official Capacity, et al. Eighth Circuit 2025-03-20 Denied Response WaivedIFP constitutional-rights court-standards first-amendment free-speech judicial-duty legal-standards Should Court Specifically Address Whether Access to Internet and Technology-Based Speech Must Extend First Amendment Protection? Do federal courts ha…
24-6054 Joshua Matthew Stockton v. Dexter Payne, Director, Arkansas Division of Correction, et al. Eighth Circuit 2024-12-02 Denied IFP appellate-review civil-procedure court-interpretation legal-standards procedural-challenge supreme-court Question not identified.
24A263 Marquice D. Robinson v. Michael Holman, et al. Eleventh Circuit 2024-09-13 Presumed Complete circuit-split court-of-appeals federal-jurisdiction legal-standards supervisory-power writ-of-certiorari The first question is whether The Eleventh Circuit Court of Appeals (The Eleventh Circuit) erred in holding in conflict with The Ninth Circuit Court o…
24-5253 Rafael Arden Jones v. Ned McCormack Second Circuit 2024-08-07 Denied IFP administrative-law appellate-review civil-rights constitutional-interpretation legal-standards municipal-association Question not identified.
24-5094 Kenyatta Quinn Mitchell v. Paul Bennett, et al. Ninth Circuit 2024-07-16 Denied Relisted (2)IFP 11th-amendment 42-usc-1983 circuit-court-review civil-rights constitutional-provisions due-process heck-v-humphrey judicial-discretion legal-standards plra procedural-due-process state-law statutory-interpretation Did the Ninth Circuit and Fifth District Court apply all necessary and properly applicable elements to the petitioner's 42 U.S.C. Section 1983 claim? …
23-7642 John A. Beatty v. Jay Forshey, Warden Sixth Circuit 2024-06-05 Denied Response WaivedIFP case-law criminal-procedure due-process habeas-corpus judicial-review legal-standards precedent precedent-validity standing statutory-interpretation supreme-court-precedent 1. Is McCarthy V United States, 394 U.S. 459(1969); Ex Parte Milligan, 71 U.S. 2(1866); Greenholtz V Nebraska Penal Inmates, 442 U.S. 1 (1979); Oregon…
23-7640 Devin Fischer v. North Dakota North Dakota 2024-06-05 Denied IFP abuse-of-discretion constitutional-rights criminal-procedure double-jeopardy due-process due-process-clause fair-trial guilty-plea judicial-discretion legal-standards Is a defendant denied due process when the court ignores legal standards and relies solely on their discretion? Does the defendant suffer double jeop…
23-6948 Erick Wanjiku v. Oklahoma Oklahoma 2024-03-11 Denied IFP 14th-amendment civil-rights constitutional-interpretation criminal-procedure due-process evidence judicial-bias jurisdiction legal-standards state-court vagueness-doctrine peKWcwv) pqpse U*cl&r Uk?er4 i'w-k^pre^fi o<^S LrVrcj<=tVe5 W OtovJ' ot U)v4+ ^of VUW:> V- Ker^iev; 404 U*s 513 (b7^) +U16 fW'Ko.o +Ui5 (WV Vo Chfevoh…
23-6606 In Re Jose Alonso Jimenez 2024-01-29 Denied Relisted (2)IFP article-iii civil-rights constitutional-rights due-process equal-protection judicial-interpretation jurisdictional-issue juvenile-justice legal-standards sentencing statutory-construction statutory-interpretation I.HOW DOES-ONE NOT HAVE A CONSTITUTIONAL SAME FREEDOMS AS A JUVENILE WHOSE STANDARDS -ULTS ARE LESS IN THIS GREAT COUNTRY?RIGHT TO THE FOR ADII.WHE…
23-6457 Peter Grigg v. Barbara Benson Ninth Circuit 2024-01-11 Denied Relisted (2)IFP civil-rights constitutional-rights constitutional-violations due-process equal-protection judicial-procedure jurisdiction legal-standards standing VIOLATIONS OF US CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS VIOLATIONS OF CIVIL RIGHTS VIOLATIONS OF US COURTS JUDICIAL CANONS VIOLATIONS OF MONTANA CODE ANNOTATED VIO…
23-563 Obaida Abdulky, et al., as Parents and Next Friends of Anthony Abdulky v. Lubin & Meyer, P.C., et al. Massachusetts 2023-11-27 Denied appellate-procedure civil-procedure constitutional-law constitutional-rights due-process evidence judicial-review legal-standards notice procedural-fairness 1. Whether by failing to allow the Petitioners an opportunity to present evidence under the new legal standards created at the appellate level, the Ap…
23A456 Leslie Willis v. PNC Financial Services Group Inc., et al. Third Circuit 2023-11-21 Presumed Complete certiorari jurisdiction legal-standards mandamus pro-se time-extension Whether the Third Circuit erred in dismissing Petitioner's appeal on jurisdictional grounds without addressing the merits of Petitioner's claims regar…
23-5745 Zephryn (Stephanie) Hammond v. University of Vermont Medical Center Vermont 2023-10-10 Denied IFP burden-of-proof burden-shifting employment-discrimination legal-standards mcdonnell-douglas-framework protected-characteristics retaliation retaliation-claim summary-judgment 1. Under organizational policy when an employee makes a complaint to anyone in a position of authority in regard to a protected characteristic, should…
23-181 Patricia L. Harrison v. South Carolina Department of Health and Human Services, et al. Fourth Circuit 2023-08-25 Denied Response Waived abuse-of-discretion civil-procedure dismissal district-court-discretion federal-court-procedure federal-rules-of-civil-procedure legal-standards rule-11-sanctions sanctions settlement sua-sponte-sanctions 1. Did the district court abuse its discretion by sanctioning Petitioner sua sponte pursuant to Federal Rules of Civil Procedure Rule 11 after settlem…
23-176 Robert Cox, et al. v. Helena Chemical Company Texas 2023-08-25 Denied Response Waived due-process evidence evidence-exclusion expert-testimony fourteenth-amendment legal-standards property-rights state-court 1. Whether the Due Process Clause prohibits a state court from depriving petitioners of property protected by the Fourteenth Amendment without allowin…
23-5217 Kinley MacDonald v. Maine Maine 2023-07-26 Denied Relisted (2)IFP bail-bond-conditions child-protective-custody constitutional-rights criminal-procedure custody due-process family-reunification hearsay judicial-review legal-standards state-statute Question not identified.
23-5052 Richie A. Stokes, Jr. v. New York New York 2023-07-06 Denied IFP constitutional-rights court-dismissal criminal-procedure due-process evidence judicial-discretion jury-tampering legal-standards prosecutorial-misconduct speedy-trial Question not identified.
23-15 Springboards to Education, Inc. v. IDEA Public Schools Fifth Circuit 2023-07-05 Denied Response Waived appellate-review circuit-split civil-procedure consumer-confusion legal-standard legal-standards summary-judgment trademark-infringement 1. Whether the legal reasoning used to evaluate the issue of trademark infringement was subjective, incomplete, and failed to address the record and t…
22-7867 Nelson Alexander Polk v. United States Fifth Circuit 2023-06-29 Denied Response WaivedIFP 5th-amendment appellate-review civil-rights constitutional-review criminal-sentencing discovery due-process evidence free-speech judicial-procedure legal-standards Question not identified.
22-7849 Jensen Ken Alexander v. Joseph Ely, et al. Fourth Circuit 2023-06-22 Denied IFP civil-rights constitutional-interpretation criminal-procedure damages due-process free-speech judicial-discretion legal-standards religious-claims standing state-court-review Question not identified.
22-780 Scott Meide, et al. v. Noah Centineo, et al. Ninth Circuit 2023-02-22 Denied Response Waived appellate-review brief-requirements civil-rights court-obligations due-process judicial-discretion judicial-independence judicial-procedure judicial-review legal-standards rule-of-law separation-of-powers 1. Do we have a government of laws and not of men? 2. Must a deciding panel in a court of appeals address all of the issues raised in the opening bri…
22-6760 David Lassegue v. United States, et al. Third Circuit 2023-02-10 Denied Response WaivedIFP appeals case-law-analysis circuit-court-interpretation civil-procedure civil-rights due-process judicial-review legal-standards precedent procedural-rights standing third-circuit-precedent Whether the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit Violated Lassegue's rights when it ignored this: Courts precedent in Kwai Funwong V. Beebe 752…
22-6696 Rudy Garcia v. Texas Texas 2023-02-03 Denied IFP constitutional-rights criminal-appeals due-process equal-protection habeas-corpus ineffective-assistance-of-counsel legal-standards precedent prosecutorial-misconduct supreme-court-precedent trial-counsel Question 1: Xnlroducbi Q A *.Ike. lex.es Couri of Crlm'tr\a.l disbarrad Prasad^cr,- Ralph Padly s undisclosed Iona! m 'l scon duck RalidP in 4bai Ka…
22-218 Steven Christopher Knapp v. Metropolitan Government of Nashville and Davidson County, Tennessee, et al. Sixth Circuit 2022-09-09 Denied Response WaivedRelisted (2) civil-procedure complaint-dismissal due-process judicial-bias judicial-impartiality judicial-misconduct legal-standards rule-8 standing 1) Does a judge of the United States have an unqualified, absolute right to nullify a complaint under Rule 8 based on length alone? 2) Did the Distri…
22-5375 Nathaniel Waugh v. A. Ralph, et al. Eleventh Circuit 2022-08-17 Denied IFP appellate-procedure civil-rights constitutional-law constitutional-principles court-procedure due-process evidence-application judicial-review legal-standards miscarriage-of-justice standing Court proceeded (l auordt^ -}o Justice" Or deprived p^frfioner o-f0) whiMitr lower '■S^Ws-farrtW rights? CX) k ^editr Congress J * ^ o4^ [auf Conducte…
22-5171 Rebekah Werth v. Stuart Police Department, et al. Eleventh Circuit 2022-07-25 Denied IFP access-to-justice civil-rights court-procedure due-process equal-access in-forma-pauperis indigent-plaintiff legal-standards pro-se standing sua-sponte-dismissal 1. Do the sua sponte dismissals by the lower courts under the in forma pauperis statute 28 U.S.C. § 1915 (e) (2) (B), in which the reviewing court mer…
22-5056 Rosa Serrano v. United States District Court for the Western District of Texas Fifth Circuit 2022-07-08 Denied Relisted (2)IFP appellate-review case-dismissal civil-procedure court-record disclosure due-process first-amendment judicial-procedure legal-standards procedural-dismissal public-records standing Question not identified.
22-5014 Willie Johnson v. Bryan P. Stirling, Director, South Carolina Department of Corrections, et al. Fourth Circuit 2022-07-01 Denied Relisted (2)IFP case-law civil-rights constitution constitutional-interpretation dismissal district-court due-process election federal-courts judicial-procedure legal-standards standing ud A DisErict of Socoth The Distrnt Coyst dshe t uManibest 9 bobelle Disoeserd ofthe/ews Exrol1ny Bx Setern8 9 Mobios for BeliNsex, nssban bo Wis MEsi…
21-7947 Cedric Greene v. Harbor Police, et al. California 2022-05-24 Denied IFP amendment-interpretation case-records civil-procedure civil-rights constitutional-violation due-process judicial-immunity legal-standards punitive-damages rights-protection standing vexatious-litigant To thee attention of how things are meant to be governed. When a series of Judicial standards known as judges speak for the blind scale of justice. Wh…
21-6764 In Re Eric Denorris Kennedy 2022-01-05 Denied IFP appellate-review brady-rule civil-rights constitutional-provisions due-process habeas-corpus ineffective-assistance-of-counsel jurisdictional-issues legal-standards procedural-rights standing Question not identified.
21-6515 Chadd A. Morris v. Jerry Worley, et al. Seventh Circuit 2021-12-03 Denied Relisted (2)IFP 4th-amendment case-dismissal civil-procedure civil-rights court-recusal due-process judicial-misconduct legal-standards precedential-law procedural-error property-rights standing Question not identified.
21-55 Genet McCann v. Ward E. Taleff, et al. Ninth Circuit 2021-07-15 Denied Response Waived civil-rights court-integrity due-process fraud judicial-integrity judicial-misconduct legal-standards ninth-circuit rule-11 rule-of-law standing vexatious-litigant 1. Whether the Ninth Circuit 's departure from "the settled course of antecedent principles " in disregard of this Court 's and its own well-establis…
20-1710 Zafar Bakhramovich Yadigarov v. United States Eleventh Circuit 2021-06-11 Denied Response Waived abuse-of-writ appellate-procedure coram-nobis delay due-process judicial-discretion legal-diligence legal-standards procedural-standard sound-reasons writ-of-error As petitions for writs of error corum nobis are not subject to any formal deadlines nor any statutes of limitations, the nation's courts generally den…
20-7046 Paul A. Bilzerian v. Securities Exchange Commission District of Columbia 2021-02-04 Denied Response WaivedIFP change-in-circumstances civil-procedure court-access equitable-relief judicial-discretion legal-standards motion-to-terminate permanent-injunction rule-65 standing 1. Whether a district court has the discretion to deny an unopposed motion to terminate a 20-year-old permanent injunction prohibiting access to any s…
20-822 Solon Phillips v. Maryland Board of Law Examiners, et al. Fourth Circuit 2020-12-17 Denied Response Waived bar-admission character-and-fitness character-fitness-test constitutional-vagueness due-process legal-standards moral-character opportunity-to-be-heard unexplained-delay vagueness (1) Is the Maryland character fitness test unconstitutionally vague because it leaves the triers of fact free to decide, without any legally fixed sta…
20-5745 Bradley William Monical v. Christina Towers, et al. Ninth Circuit 2020-09-17 Denied Response WaivedIFP administrative-law civil-rights constitutional-provisions due-process government-employees governmental-powers judicial-review legal-standards park-county-orders qualified-immunity statutory-provisions Question not identified.
20-5369 Don Farmer v. Bernard Booker, Warden Fourth Circuit 2020-08-17 Denied Response WaivedIFP confrontation-clause court-procedure crawford-vs-washington due-process evidence-testimonial ineffective-assistance legal-standards professional-norms sixth-amendment testimonial-evidence verbal-testimony witness-testimony 1.) Whether the evidence supplied through verbal testimony of a witness is considered testimonial (where statements must be functionally identical to …
20-5014 Darwin Josue Peralta v. North Carolina North Carolina 2020-07-09 Denied IFP appellate-review civil-rights criminal-procedure cross-examination due-process evidence jury-instructions legal-standards right-to-present-defense standard-of-review Whether the trial Court Violated Mr.Peralta Statutory and Constitutional Rights by Relying on Dr. Beth Hers sexual Abuse Finding because she based Her…
19-8584 Christopher Raynard Kidd v. United States Fifth Circuit 2020-06-02 Denied Response WaivedIFP criminal-defense due-process evidence-review ineffective-assistance ineffective-assistance-of-counsel legal-representation legal-standards prejudice sixth-amendment strickland-v-washington trial-counsel Whether trial counsel was ineffective for failing to review all the evidence with Mr. Kidd prior to trial?
19-1202 Thomas Taffe, et al. v. First National Bank of Alaska Alaska 2020-04-08 Denied Response Waived access-to-courts civil-rights constitutional-rights due-process jury-trial legal-standards pro-se pro-se-litigant pro-se-litigants standing summary-judgment systemic-bias Did a systemic bias against pro se litigants lead to the unconstitutional denial of Petitioners' right to a jury trial in this case? Did the summary …
19-1197 GwanJun Kim v. City of Ionia, Michigan, et al. Sixth Circuit 2020-04-04 Denied Response Waived aiding-and-abetting civil-procedure collateral-review exclusive-possession false-claims-act federal-cause-of-action legal-standards pleading-standards retroactivity rule-9b section-10b securities-fraud In this case THE PETITION for that "a United States court of appeals has entered a decision in conflict with the decision of' "Complaint in this actio…
19-7875 Byron Gay v. Scott Daffenbach, Warden, et al. Tenth Circuit 2020-03-05 Denied Response WaivedIFP civil-procedure court-procedure dna-testing evidence evidentiary-rules judicial-admission judicial-admissions legal-standards scientific-evidence standards 1. THE UNITED STATES SUPREME COURT HAS NOT ESTABLISHED IN THE FEDERAL COURTS OR THE STATE COURTS ANY CASE LAW INSTRUCTING JUDGES THAT THEY MUST EMPH…
19-7871 In Re Antonio Damarcus Woodson 2020-03-04 Dismissed IFP access-to-courts appellate-review civil-procedure civil-procedure-jurisdiction civil-procedure-standing-jurisdiction-federal-rule civil-rights district-court due-process federal-rules-of-civil-procedure final-judgment jurisdiction legal-standards procedural-due-process retroactive-law standing WHETHER OR NOT THE JURISDICTIONAL REQUIREMENTS UNDER ZBUSCS Z284)U, 2D72 (FEROUP.-7))C), 8CA), 9CO)-) THE PLANTIFFHAD A RIGHT HANE TBOTHE AETIONS F A …
19-7511 Frank Deville, et ux. v. Court of Appeal of California, Second Appellate District, et al. California 2020-01-31 Denied IFP civil-procedure concealing-material-facts conflict-of-law constitutional-rights due-process federal-law fraud-particularity hearsay-evidence judicial-procedure legal-standards liberal-amendment material-facts standing iaSSEsSsSHSSSt iS thaUegal?^ ^ there should be liberal ability to amend (Roland v. Christian, 69 Cal. 2d 108, 112) . ■ ,not what we believe it to be. …
19-6737 Leonard L. Little, Jr. v. Florida Florida 2019-11-22 Denied Response WaivedIFP 4th-amendment appellate-review carpenter-v-united-states constitutional-interpretation criminal-procedure due-process evidence federal-law fourth-amendment-search-and-seizure jurisdiction legal-standards privacy search-and-seizure sixth-amendment-confrontation-clause standing supreme-court-precedent I. Petitioner asks did the Second District Court of Appeal apply federal law issued by the United States Supreme Court in a way that frustrates and u…
19-6102 Roosevelt Brian Moore v. Debbie Asuncion, Warden Ninth Circuit 2019-10-01 Denied Response WaivedIFP civil-rights constitutional-challenge court-review due-process graham-v-florida habeas-corpus juvenile-offenders legal-standards prisoner-rights resentencing sentencing sentencing-procedure standing state-court-decision GRANTED PETITSONER A CERTI FICATE of APPEAlAbIty PORSUANT TO MILlER -EL V.COCKER, 537 U.S.3a2 ON. QUESTIONS OF HIS THE U.S. CONSTITUIONAl RIGHTS? PERT…
19-306 Cushman & Wakefield, Inc. v. Yury Rinsky First Circuit 2019-09-05 Denied civil-procedure diversity-jurisdiction erie-doctrine federal-courts legal-standards punitive-damages standard-of-proof state-courts state-law state-law-certification subject-matter-jurisdiction This diversity case involves state-law claims of age discrimination in employment. Petitioner disputed the applicability of the New York City Human Ri…
19-5442 Shanta G. Phillips-Berry v. Kenner Police Department, et al. Fifth Circuit 2019-08-06 Denied IFP abuse-of-discretion civil-procedure civil-rights constitutional-due-process due-process evidentiary-requirements fair-trial judicial-discretion jury jury-trial legal-standards standing trial-procedure 1. What if district court abused its discretion by not relying on the erroneous legal premise that a citizen(s) of the state of Louisiana and this gre…
19-2 Jackie Hosang Lawson v. FMR LLC, dba Fidelity Investments, et al. First Circuit 2019-06-28 Denied attorney-fees civil-procedure civil-rights due-process expert-witness-testimony federal-securities-law federal-securities-laws fraud fraud-allegations jury-instruction jury-instructions legal-standards sarbanes-oxley-act securities Is the jury verdict just and proper on the two deciding questions whether "Fidelity's conduct could constitute violation of Federal law relating to fr…
18-9401 Daniel H. Jones v. Kentucky, et al. Sixth Circuit 2019-05-23 Denied Relisted (2)IFP abuse-of-discretion appellate-jurisdiction appellate-review civil-procedure clearly-erroneous-findings injunctive-relief judicial-discretion jurisdictional-review legal-standards procedural-error sovereign-immunity wrong-legal-standards DID THE U.S. SIXTH CIRCUIT COURT OF APPEALS ERR IN ALLOWING THE [U.S.] DISTRICT COURT TO ABUSE ITS DISCRETION WHEN RELYING ON CLEARLY ERRONEOUS FINDIN…
18-9384 In Re Freya Pearson 2019-05-22 Denied Response WaivedIFP administrative-law appellate-procedure civil-procedure civil-rights due-process equal-protection fifth-amendment fourteenth-amendment habeas-corpus ineffective-counsel legal-standards mandamus pro-se standing takings writ-of-relief 1. Whether the Petitioner's Direct Appeal, warrants the issuance of a Writ of Mandamus to compel action by the Court. 2. Whether the Petitioner shoul…
18-8589 Demetrius S. Rankin v. United States Fifth Circuit 2019-03-27 Denied Response WaivedIFP anders-brief appellate-procedure appellate-review circuit-split constitutional-law court-appointed-counsel criminal-procedure due-process fifth-circuit ineffective-assistance legal-ethics legal-standards procedural-review right-to-counsel Whether the Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals misapplied and ignored the procedural pronouncements made in Anders v. California, 386 US 738(1967)? Wheth…
18-7626 Gregory Haynes v. Illinois Illinois 2019-01-29 Denied Response WaivedIFP burden-of-proof constitutional-rights due-process fair-trial legal-standards miscarriage-of-justice second-degree-murder self-defense trial-court-error Whether the Petitioner was denied his constitutional rights to due process and a fair trial when the trial court made multiple comments that reflected…
18-7551 Joel Gomez v. Mary Berghuis, Warden Sixth Circuit 2019-01-24 Denied Response WaivedIFP administrative-law civil-procedure contract-formation contract-interpretation contract-law contract-validity due-process equal-protection legal-standards standing state-law statutory-interpretation DID THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE SIXTH CIRCUIT ERR IN DENYING A CERTIFICATE OF APPEALABILITY?
18-6643 Sobhy Fahmy Amin Iskander v. United States District Court for the Central District of California, et al. Ninth Circuit 2018-11-08 Denied IFP civil-rights constitutional-rights due-process judicial-competence judicial-discretion judicial-ethics judicial-independence judicial-interpretation judicial-review legal-standards rule-of-law state-court-decision Sobhy Iskander, a state prisoner proceeding in forma pauperis r extraordinary circumstance moves this motion on a writ of certi- orari that a state co…
18-6020 Stefan Rodgers v. Darrell Miller, Warden Fourth Circuit 2018-09-19 Denied Response WaivedRelisted (2)IFP civil-procedure consideration due-process fair-trial judicial-review legal-standards rule-10 standing supreme-court-procedure tribunal-fairness tribunals Each and every point is stated within the petition for writ of certiorari. Did each of the tribunals rule fairly within the Consideration of Rule 10 (…
18-250 Tu Ying Chen v. Suffolk County Community College, et al. Second Circuit 2018-08-28 Denied Response Waived civil-procedure civil-rights court-judgment defendant-actions due-process evidence false-evidence judicial-procedure legal-review legal-standards misconduct plaintiff-claims standing wrongful-probation wrongful-termination Was there misconduct by and false evidence submitted by the Defendants? Why were the facts provided by the Plaintiff not used in the court judgment?
18-5737 Richard Delain Kyles v. Lorie Davis, Director, Texas Department of Criminal Justice, Correctional Institutions Division Fifth Circuit 2018-08-24 Denied IFP circuit-principle discretionary-rules due-process ex-post-facto judicial-review legal-standards parole parole-board-policy parole-eligibility parole-suitability retroactive-statute statutory-interpretation The Court of Appeals has adopted and applied a "Fifth Circuit Principle" that "changes in the discretionary. ules, affecting. parole suitability canno…