undue-hardship

13 cases — ← All topics

Case Title Lower Court Docketed Status Flags Tags Question Presented
25-963 Cynthia Braccia, et al. v. Northwell Health Systems Second Circuit 2026-02-17 Pending preemption religious-accommodation supremacy-clause title-vii undue-hardship vaccine-mandate 1. Whether an employer faces a per se Title VII undue hardship if granting an otherwise federally required religious accommodation would conflict with…
25-126 Michael Kane, et al. v. City of New York, New York, et al. Second Circuit 2025-08-01 Denied Amici (2)Relisted (2) accommodation first-amendment religious-discrimination strict-scrutiny title-vii undue-hardship Whether strict scrutiny applies to a discretionary religious-accommodation scheme that turns on whether individuals follow organized religion and whet…
24-931 Laurie Ann DeVore v. University of Kentucky Board of Trustees Sixth Circuit 2025-02-27 Denied Response Waived accommodation-process religious-discrimination sincerely-held-beliefs title-vii totality-of-circumstances undue-hardship 1. Whether the dispute of sincerely held religious beliefs should be evaluated under a Totality of Circumstances test that resolves the dispute, not b…
24-48 Dan Giurca v. Bon Secours Charity Health System, et al. Second Circuit 2024-07-16 Denied employment-agreement employment-discrimination religious-accommodation religious-discrimination sincerely-held-beliefs title-vii undue-hardship Title VII makes it an unlawful "for an employer . . . to fail or refuse to hire . . . any individual . . . because of such individual's . . . religion…
23-152 Alicia Lowe, et al. v. Janet T. Mills, Governor of Maine, et al. First Circuit 2023-08-16 Denied Can a court judgment be entirely untrue and violat child-custody civil-rights constitutional-rights due-process ex-parte legal-standing parental-rights preemption religious-accommodation supremacy-clause title-vii undue-hardship (1) Whether compliance with state laws directly contrary to Title VII's requirement to provide a reasonable accommodation may serve as an undue hardsh…
22-174 Gerald E. Groff v. Louis DeJoy, Postmaster General Third Circuit 2022-08-25 Judgment Issued Amici (57)Relisted (2) civil-rights co-worker-burden de-minimis employment-discrimination hardison religious-accommodation religious-pluralism title-vii undue-hardship 1. Whether this Court should disapprove the more-than-de-minimis-cost test for refusing Title VII religious accommodations stated in Trans World Airli…
21-5290 Gordon Nitka v. Department of Education Tenth Circuit 2021-08-04 Denied Response WaivedIFP bankruptcy-law brunner-test default loan-default repayment-period rosenberg speculative-income student-loan-discharge student-loans undue-hardship analyzing the second prong of the Brunner test to determine "undue hardship," how should courts weigh speculation on the borrower's future income pote…
20-886 Thelma G. McCoy v. United States Fifth Circuit 2021-01-04 Denied Amici (3) bankruptcy bankruptcy-code brunner-test circuit-split student-loan-debt student-loans totality-of-circumstances totality-test undue-hardship The Bankruptcy Code permits courts to discharge student loan debt in bankruptcy if a debtor can show that repaying it would cause her "undue hardship.…
20-495 Charee Stanley v. ExpressJet Airlines, Inc. Sixth Circuit 2020-10-15 Denied Response Waived cba-interpretation circuit-split federal-preemption federal-statutory-claims mandatory-arbitration preemption railway-labor-act title-vii undue-hardship 1. Whether, and under what circumstances, claims arising under federal statute are subject to the RLA's mandatory arbitration requirement. 2. Whether…
19-1461 Mitche A. Dalberiste v. GLE Associates, Inc. Eleventh Circuit 2020-07-07 Denied Amici (5)Relisted (13) civil-rights employment-discrimination minority-religions religious-accommodation stare-decisis statutory-interpretation title-vii undue-hardship Whether the Court should reconsider Hardison and set a proper legal standard for determining what constitutes an "undue hardship" under Title VII, 42 …
19-1388 Jason Small v. Memphis Light, Gas & Water Sixth Circuit 2020-06-18 Denied Amici (4)Response RequestedRelisted (13) civil-rights de-minimis-cost employment-discrimination religious-accommodation statutory-interpretation title-vii undue-hardship Whether Trans World Airlines, Inc. v. Hardison, 432 U.S. 63, 84 (1977), which stated that employers suffer an "undue hardship" in accommodating an emp…
18-567 Danny Snapp v. Burlington Northern Santa Fe Railway Company Ninth Circuit 2018-10-31 Denied ada ADA-interactive-process ada-reasonable-accommodation burden-of-proof civil-rights disability-discrimination employer-burden employment interactive-process jury-instruction jury-instructions reasonable-accommodation summary-judgment undue-hardship us-airways-v-barnett In 2013 on appeal from a summary judgment dismissing claims for violation of the Americans with Disabilities Act (the "ADA"), 42 U.S.C. §12101 et. seq…
18-349 Darrell Patterson v. Walgreen Co. Eleventh Circuit 2018-09-17 Denied CVSGAmici (6)Response RequestedResponse WaivedRelisted (9) circuit-split civil-rights employment-discrimination hardison-v-twi reasonable-accommodation religious-accommodation title-vii undue-hardship Title VII prohibits an employer from firing an employee for engaging in a religious practice—here, abstaining from work on his Sabbath—"unless [the] e…