pinkerton-liability
17 cases — ← All topics
| Case | Title | Lower Court | Docketed | Status | Flags | Tags | Question Presented |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 25-6839 | Eric Fru Nji, Wilson Nuyila Tita, and Wilson Che Fonguh v. United States | Fourth Circuit | 2026-02-18 | Pending | IFP | aiding-and-abetting burden-of-proof firearms-trafficking jury-instructions pinkerton-liability willful-blindness | Whether the district court and Fourth Circuit erred by allowing the jury to be instructed under a Pinkerton standard, a willful blindness instruction,… |
| 23-7415 | Carlos Gomez v. United States | Second Circuit | 2024-05-08 | Denied | Response RequestedResponse WaivedRelisted (2)IFP | criminal-procedure due-process jury-instruction jury-instructions pinkerton-liability predicate-offense rosemond-v-united-states statutory-interpretation united-states-v-davis vicarious-liability | 1. Whether, following this Court's decision in United States v. Davis, 588 U.S. 445 (2019), a jury instruction permitting a finding of guilt on an 18 … |
| 23-6692 | Mustafa Deville Reynolds v. United States | Sixth Circuit | 2024-02-07 | Denied | IFP | aiding-and-abetting chain-of-distribution controlled-substance controlled-substances criminal-distribution criminal-law due-process enhanced-penalty pinkerton-liability sentencing-enhancement | I. Whether the prosecution must prove aiding and abetting or Pinkerton coconspirator liability before a remote seller in a chain of distribution may b… |
| 22-6554 | Adrian Gordon v. United States | Ninth Circuit | 2023-01-18 | Denied | Response WaivedIFP | 18-usc-1959 18-usc-924c conspiracy-theory crimes-of-violence criminal-liability gun-enhancement pinkerton-liability racketeering vicar-statute | Are Instructions under Pinkerton v. United States, 328 U.S. 640 (1946) appropriate for crimes of violence in aid of racketeering under 18 U.S.C. § 195… |
| 22-6194 | Jordan Huff v. United States | Ninth Circuit | 2022-12-01 | Denied | Response WaivedIFP | 18-usc-924c aiding-and-abetting criminal-liability hobbs-act hobbs-act-robbery pinkerton-liability predicate-offense statutory-interpretation violent-physical-force | 1. Where 18 U.S.C. § 924(c) is a double-barreled crime that, at least in the context of aiding and abetting, requires proof both of a defendant's acti… |
| 22-5170 | Cristian Serrano-Delgado v. United States | First Circuit | 2022-07-25 | Denied | Response WaivedIFP | 18-usc-924 aiding-and-abetting conspiracy crime-of-violence davis-v-united-states hobbs-act hobbs-act-robbery jury-instructions pinkerton-doctrine pinkerton-liability section-924c | A jury convicted Cristian Serrano-Delgado of 18 U.S.C. §§ 924(c) and (j) based on instructions providing various possible crime-of-violence predicates… |
| 21-8116 | Demarco Tempo v. United States | Sixth Circuit | 2022-06-10 | Denied | Response WaivedIFP | but-for-causation causation criminal-law death-enhancement drug-statute due-process jury-instructions pinkerton-liability proximate-cause sentencing statutory-interpretation | I. Should the government be required to prove proximate cause in addition to but-for causation for the "death results" enhancement in 21 U.S.C. § 841?… |
| 21-8089 | Darrell E. Gillespie v. United States | Fourth Circuit | 2022-06-08 | Denied | Response WaivedIFP | §924(c)-offense 924c categorical-approach civil-rights conspiracy crime-of-violence criminal-procedure davis-precedent due-process force-elements-clause pinkerton-liability | The question presented is whether, after Davis, the invocation of Pinkerton theory of liability by the government, without more, obviates the governme… |
| 21-7093 | Jameson LaForest, Robert Wesley Johnson, and Keith Marvel Walton v. United States | Ninth Circuit | 2022-02-09 | Denied | Response RequestedResponse WaivedRelisted (2)IFP | 18-usc-924c criminal-law due-process hobbs-act pinkerton-liability reconsider-pinkerton | 1. May a defendant be found guilty of a substantive offense based on Pinkerton liability where that offense was not an object of the alleged conspirac… |
| 21-6601 | Austin Woods v. United States | Sixth Circuit | 2021-12-14 | Denied | Response WaivedIFP | 18-usc-924c co-conspirator conspiracy crime-of-violence pinkerton-liability statutory-interpretation substantive-offense | In 1946, this Court enunciated the Pinkerton theory of liability, which permits a defendant to be held liable for a substantive offense committed by a… |
| 21-5891 | Archie Ned Williams v. United States | Ninth Circuit | 2021-10-05 | Denied | Response WaivedIFP | accomplice-liability crime-of-violence criminal-law double-jeopardy due-process hobbs-act-robbery physical-force pinkerton-liability section-924c statutory-interpretation | 1. Must the "use of physical force" required to establish a predicate crime of violence under 18 U.S.C. § 924(c)(3)(A) be personal to the defendant co… |
| 21-5560 | Gary Lamar Henry v. United States | Ninth Circuit | 2021-09-02 | Denied | Response WaivedIFP | conspiracy criminal-law pinkerton-liability sentencing supreme-court violent-crimes | 1. Whether Pinkerton v. United States, 328 U.S. 640 (1946) liability, which only requires that a conspirator reasonably foresee the substantive crimes… |
| 20-8362 | Damion Sleugh v. United States | Ninth Circuit | 2021-06-21 | Denied | Response WaivedIFP | conspiracy constitutional-rights criminal-conspiracy criminal-law due-process fifth-amendment judge-made-law Pinkerton-liability substantive-offense substantive-offenses | 1. May a defendant be found guilty of a substantive offense based on Pinkerton liability where that offense was not an object of the alleged conspirac… |
| 20-7866 | Paul Demetrius Lamar Gray v. United States | Ninth Circuit | 2021-04-27 | Denied | Response WaivedIFP | conspiracy crime-of-violence criminal-law elements-clause physical-force pinkerton-conspiracy pinkerton-liability postal-robbery residual-clause statutory-interpretation violent-crime | Before United States U. Johnson, 576 U.S. 591 (2015), the federal courts routinely relied on the residual clause to hold that convictions sustained un… |
| 20-6311 | Russell Davis v. United States | Sixth Circuit | 2020-11-13 | Denied | Response WaivedIFP | accomplice-liability co-conspirator-liability controlled-substance controlled-substances criminal-law drug-distribution due-process enhanced-penalty pinkerton-liability sentencing | I. Whether the government must satisfy the evidentiary requirements for accomplice liability under 18 U.S.C. §2 or co-conspirator liability under Pink… |
| 19-8692 | Robert Lee Shields v. United States | Sixth Circuit | 2020-06-12 | Denied | Response WaivedIFP | buyer-seller buyer-seller-relationship conspiracy criminal-procedure drug-distribution jury-instructions narcotics-law pinkerton-liability substantive-drug-charges | I. When the evidence in a drug distribution case demonstrates only two sales, what additional factors support an inference of a drug distribution cons… |
| 19-5691 | Roxanne Marie Carpenter v. United States | Ninth Circuit | 2019-08-23 | Denied | Response WaivedIFP | attorney-client-privilege conspiracy conspiracy-liability criminal-procedure criminal-procedure-rules duress-defense ninth-circuit-rule pinkerton-instruction pinkerton-liability pre-trial-disclosure work-product work-product-doctrine work-product-privilege | I. The Ninth Circuit has a "Vasquez-Landaver1" rule requiring a criminal defendant to lay out, in detail, her defense before the Government even calls… |