Whether a federal court may certify a class action that contains members who claim no Article III injury apart from being subjected to a policy they allege has a disparate racial impact in violation of a federal statute (here, the Fair Housing Act (FHA), 42 U.S.C. § 3601 et seq.).

Whether a federal court may certify a class action under Rule 23 when some class members lack Article III standing due to absence of concrete injury in a disparate-impact claim