1. Whether the Takings Clause has a police power exception, making no compensation due when the government damages private property under its police power outside of eminent domain (as the Seventh, Tenth, and Federal Circuits hold)—or not (as the Fourth, Fifth, Sixth, and Eleventh Circuits hold).

2. Whether the government is exempt from liability under the Takings Clause when law enforcement officers intentionally destroy an innocent person's property while trying to apprehend a fugitive.

Whether the Fifth Amendment's Takings Clause requires just compensation when law enforcement officers intentionally destroy an innocent homeowner's property during a police raid, and whether a police power exception to the Takings Clause exists outside of eminent domain proceedings