1. Whether an actual breach of custody rights must occur to establish wrongful retention, or if mere notice of an intended future breach suffices to start the one-year clock under the Convention; and

2. Whether the "One Year and Settled" exception should be narrowly construed with consideration of the child's ongoing strong ties to their country of habitual residence.

Whether an actual breach of custody rights must occur to establish wrongful retention under the Hague Convention, or if mere notice of an intended future breach suffices to start the one-year clock