1. a. This case presents Fifth Amendment takings claims based on flooding on hundreds of properties in the Missouri River's historical floodplains.

b. In 2014, approximately 372 individuals and entities who own and operate farms adjacent to the River in six States sued the United States in the Court of Federal Claims, alleging that the 2004 changes to the System caused severe flooding between 2007 and 2014 and resulted in physical takings under the Fifth Amendment.

Whether the government's implementation of flood control and environmental protection measures constitutes a compensable taking under the Fifth Amendment when such actions result in recurring flooding of private property