1. Whether Congress exceeded its authority under the Constitution by enacting the Major Crimes Act, 18 U.S.C. §1153, as applied to crimes committed by Indians against Indians on tribal land, without the consent of the tribes.

2. Whether the legal standard of review, under the Fifth Amendment Due Process Clause, for legislation affecting Indians includes consideration of Congress' stated purpose behind the legislation and consideration of whether the legislation conforms to the trust obligations toward Native nations.

Whether Congress exceeded its authority under the Constitution by enacting the Major Crimes Act, 18 U.S.C. §1153, as applied to crimes committed by Indians against Indians on tribal land, without the consent of the tribes