1) When a district court violates Rule 11(c)(1) of the Federal Rules of
Criminal Procedure by interfering in plea negotiations, can a
defendant ordinarily satisfy the substantial rights prong of plain
error where the defendant pleaded guilty on the very same day as
the Rule 11(c)(1) violation?

2) Is a defendant required to demonstrate that a district court's Rule
11(c)(1) violation "likely" caused him to plead guilty in order to
satisfy the substantial rights prong of plain error?

when-district-court-violates-rule-11(c)(1)-of-federal-rules-of-criminal-procedure