1. In three circuits, pattern jury instructions extend Hobbs Act robbery (18 U.S.C. § 1951(b)) to an offense committed by causing fear of harm to intangible property. Because fear of economic harm can be caused without the use or threat of violent force, is Hobbs Act robbery categorically a "crime of violence" under the "force clause" of 18 U.S.C. § 924(c)(3)(A)?

Whether Hobbs Act robbery is categorically a 'crime of violence' under the 'force clause' of 18 U.S.C. § 924(c)(3)(A)