1. This case presents an important question that deeply divides the circuits over whether Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 9(b)'s heightened pleading standard requires False Claims Act plaintiffs who plead a fraudulent billing scheme with particularity to identify specific false claim submissions to the government to avoid dismissal.

Whether Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 9(b)'s heightened pleading standard requires False Claims Act plaintiffs to identify specific false claim submissions to the government when alleging a fraudulent billing scheme