Whether, in a criminal bench trial for murder, a trial judge who admits over objection a defendant's coerced confession to that offense may later insulate the constitutional error from meaningful appellate review by issuing a posttrial "finding" that the evidence would have established guilt beyond a reasonable doubt at a trial conducted without the confession.

Whether, in a criminal bench trial for murder, a trial judge who admits over objection a defendant's coerced confession to that offense may later insulate the constitutional error from meaningful appellate review by issuing a posttrial 'finding' that the evidence would have established guilt beyond a reasonable doubt at a trial conducted without the confession