1. Whether requiring an indigent, self-represented plaintiff to post a mandatory medical tribunal bond as a condition for access to a malpractice trial—without any waiver or reduction —violates the Due Process and Equal Protection Clauses of the Fourteenth Amendment.

2. Whether the dismissal of civil rights and malpractice claims for failure to comply with a procedural rule (Massachusetts Rule 9A), without consideration of pro se status and medical urgency, violates an individual 's constitutional right to access the courts.

Whether requiring an indigent, self-represented plaintiff to post a mandatory medical tribunal bond as a condition for access to a malpractice trial violates the Due Process and Equal Protection Clauses of the Fourteenth Amendment