Whether a civil case dismissed without prejudice, in which appellate review was prematurely terminated and certiorari previously denied, remains "pending on direct review" for purposes of applying this Court's decision in Muldrow v. City of St. Louis, 144 S. Ct. 967 (2024), under the retroactivity principles of Harper, or whether such a case is treated as final and subject only to collateral review?

Whether a civil case dismissed without prejudice, in which appellate review was prematurely terminated and certiorari previously denied, remains 'pending on direct review' for purposes of applying this Court's decision in Muldrow v. City of St. Louis under the retroactivity principles of Harper