Does the Takings Clause apply to municipal ordinances imposing fees on classes of property outside the permitting context?

If the answer to Question 1 is yes, does the Nollan/Dolan framework govern the analysis of such fees?

Whether the Takings Clause and the Nollan/Dolan nexus and rough proportionality framework apply to legislatively mandated stormwater fees imposed on classes of property outside the permitting context