In order to convict a defendant of robbery of a local business establishment under the Hobbs Act, must the prosecution prove beyond a reasonable doubt that the robbery itself substantially affected interstate commerce – without considering the "aggregate" effect on interstate commerce of countless other, unspecified robberies of similar business establishments? This Court reserved this question in Taylor v. United States, 579 U.S. 301, 310 (2016).

II. Should this Court reconsider its precedent broadly interpreting Article I, § 8, Clause 3 of the U.S. Constitution, as applied to congressional regulation of intrastate activities that do not affect the instrumentalities or channels of interstate commerce, to reflect the intent of the Framers of the Constitution?

In order to convict a defendant of robbery of a local business establishment under the Hobbs Act, must the prosecution prove beyond a reasonable doubt that the robbery itself substantially affected interstate commerce without considering the 'aggregate' effect on interstate commerce of countless other, unspecified robberies of similar business establishments?