1. Whether "in violation of law" in 8 U.S.C. § 1324(a)(1)(A)(ii) is limited to criminal immigration violations (and does not include civil immigration violations).

2. Whether this Court should vacate and remand for the Ninth Circuit to address the merits of petitioner's substantial challenge to the voluntariness of his guilty plea because the Ninth Circuit erroneously assumed that petitioner's counsel in the district court had explained to petitioner before he pleaded guilty that "violation of law" in § 1324(a)(1)(A)(ii) means criminal immigration violations (when the undisputed facts show at most that petitioner transported the immigrant in furtherance of a civil immigration violation).

Whether 'in violation of law' in 8 U.S.C. § 1324(a)(1)(A)(ii) is limited to criminal immigration violations and does not include civil immigration violations