1. Whether, as several circuits have held, all
Apprendi violations should be treated as trial errors
and subject to the harmless-error test from Neder v.
United States, 527 U.S. 1 (1999), or, as the Third
Circuit has held, at least some Apprendi errors should
be treated as sentencing errors and evaluated under
the harmless-error test from Parker v. Dugger, 498
U.S. 308 (1991).

2. Whether Almendarez-Torres v. United States,
523 U.S. 224 (1998), should be overruled.

Whether Apprendi violations should be treated as trial errors or sentencing errors and whether Almendarez-Torres should be overruled