(1) When should courts have jurisdiction over Medicare cases where claimants have not shown that they pursued or exhausted the administrative remedies required by insurers like Aetna?

(2) Should courts require insurers like Aetna to publish lists of protocols they use for deciding which Medicare claims are urgent, especially claims for surgical procedures?

When should courts have jurisdiction over Medicare cases where claimants have not shown that they pursued or exhausted the administrative remedies required by insurers?