Whether the United States and the Several States are Artificial Persons.

Whether the 14th Amendment created Artificial Persons as citizens of the United States.

Whether Rights under the Constitution are only civil privileges and immunities and laws are commercial.

Whether Congress in drafting laws for United States Citizens, operate outside of the Constitution because the Constitution only pertains to the States as parties to it.

Whether consent is a prerequisite to governance by the United States and application of laws of non-citizens.

Whether a person is naturalized by way of Birth Certificate as a U.S. Citizen and whether that contract binding upon one who is not a signatory to it.

Whether the United States and the Several States are Artificial Persons