From whence does the Supreme Court's authority to create exceptions to the plain text of the Constitution derive?

Did the decisions in New York v. Ferber; 458 U.S. 747 (1982) and Osborne v. Ohio, 495 U.S. 103 (1990) authorize a police power not granted by the Constitution to the federal government but intended to be reserved to the States?

Does the New York State Rifle & Pistol Assn., Inc, v. Bruen, 597 U.S. (2022) decision suggest that restrictions imposed upon fundamental Constitutional rights must have their roots in America's historic law?

Does the Constitution's Commerce Clause require interstate commerce in order to confer federal jurisdiction?

Question not identified.