I. Whether 18 U.S.C. §2251 authorizes conviction upon proof that materials used to
produce child pornography once crossed state lines at an unspecified prior occasion,
when there is no evidence that the production or possession of child pornography
itself caused such movement?

II. Whether Article I, Section 8 of the United States Constitution permits Congress to
impose criminal sanctions for all conduct undertaken using materials that have
moved in interstate commerce, however remotely, whether or not the criminal
conduct caused such movement?

Whether 18 U.S.C. §2251 authorizes conviction upon proof that materials used to produce child pornography once crossed state lines at an unspecified prior occasion, when there is no evidence that the production or possession of child pornography itself caused such movement?