1. Where, under State law, the selection of a
political party's presidential nominee is governed by
internal party rules and procedures and not by the
results of the State-administered presidential-primary
election, may the State—consistent with the First and Fourteenth Amendments—lawfully require registered
voters wanting to participate in the State-administered
presidential-primary election to, as a condition of
participating, formally associate with the political party
of the nominee for whom the voters desire to cast a
vote?

2. Did the California Court of Appeal err in
concluding that primary votes cast by non-partisan
("no party preference" or "NPP") voters in California's
presidential primary are not subject to constitutional
protection under this Court's Anderson/Burdick framework merely because one or more political parties may
choose not to consider those votes during their
candidate-nomination process?

Whether a State may require registered voters to formally associate with a political party to participate in the State-administered presidential primary election