1. Does a state constitutional provision which prohibits any consideration of evolving standards of decency violate the Eighth Amendment?

2. In light of the American Psychological Association's August 2022 resolution calling for an end to the late-adolescent death penalty, does this Court's holding that "the death penalty is disproportionate punishment for offenders under 18," Roper v. Simmons, 543 U.S. 551, 575 (2005), apply with equal force to those under 21?

Whether the Eighth Amendment prohibits the execution of individuals with severe neuropsychological disorders, lifelong cognitive deficits, and low mental age, even where a state's constitution precludes the state from offering any protection against cruel and unusual punishment that is not explicitly ordered by the U.S. Supreme Court