(a) Do the Due Process Clauses and Boykin v. Alabama, 395 U.S. 238 (1969) mandate that, before a trial court accepts stipulations as to elements of offenses, including elements that by themselves increase sentencing exposure, it conduct an on-the-record colloquy demonstrating that the defendant knowingly, intelligently and voluntarily waives the attendant constitutional privilege against self-incrimination and the right to a jury trial?

(b) Where a defendant's attorney, but not the defendant himself, signs a stipulation to elements of offenses, including an element that, by itself, increases sentencing exposure, and there is no colloquy demonstrating that the defendant personally assents to the stipulations, may waiver of the attendant constitutional privilege against self-incrimination and the right to a jury trial be presumed?

Do the Due Process Clauses and Boykin v. Alabama mandate a colloquy before accepting stipulations to offense elements that increase sentencing exposure?