1. Whether the mandatory exclusion of murder defendants between the ages of 14 and 18 from Juvenile Court precludes individualized consideration of their youth in contravention of Miller v. Alabama, 567 U.S. 460 (2012), which instructs that "imposition of a State's most severe penalties on juvenile offenders cannot proceed as though they were not children."

2. Whether the mandatory imposition of the maximum punishment of a life sentence on Concepcion was an unconstitutionally disproportionate punishment, where both his youth and his intellectual disability diminished his culpability.

Whether the mandatory exclusion of murder defendants between the ages of 14 and 18 from Juvenile Court precludes individualized consideration of their youth in contravention of Miller v. Alabama