I. When applying plain error review based on an intervening United States Supreme Court decision, may an appellate court consider information outside the trial record to determine if the error affected the fairness, integrity, or public reputation of the trial proceedings?

II. Does an indictment that omits the defendant's knowledge-of-status element fail to allege a federal offense?

Whether an appellate court may consider information outside the trial record to determine if a Rehaif error affected the fairness, integrity, or public reputation of the trial proceedings