1. Whether under Loughrin, a real estate seller's knowledge of her buyer's federally-insured lender may be imputed to sustain a conviction under § 1344, thereby omitting proof of actual knowledge.

2. Whether bank and mail fraud are continuing offenses pursuant to Toussie v. U.S., 397 U.S. 112 (1970), that allow the government to circumvent statutes of limitations by aggregating non-bank and bank transactions as a "scheme" involving different parties and transactional purposes.

3. Whether mail fraud or bank fraud is duplicitous, vague and confusing to a jury when it combines four to five un-related non-bank and bank transactions, all of which are outside of the statute of limitations except one, into a single count.

Whether under Loughrin, a real estate seller's knowledge of her buyer's federally-insured lender may be imputed to sustain a conviction under § 1344, thereby omitting proof of actual knowledge