Whether the proportionality principle & the Eighth Amendment of the U.S. Constitution has been violated by the sentencing court's failure to take into account that Petitioner's age of being 48 on the date of the offenses renders him less culpable than an adult here, imposing a penalty in light of new scientific developments.

Whether a new substantive rule of constitutional law supported by the Eighth and Fourteenth Amendments of the U.S. Constitution that requires sentencing courts to consider that defendants who were eighteen at the time of the offenses are less culpable than adults qualify for retroactive application.

whether-the-proportionality-principle-&-the-eighth-amendment-has-been-violated