I. When an indictment fails to allege an essential mens rea element, may the appellate court assume the indictment still alleges a federal offense and consider material outside the trial record to adjudicate the defendant's mens rea in the first instance under plain error's fourth prong?

II. Does an unconstitutional guilty plea that violates due process satisfy the fourth prong of plain error by endangering the fairness, integrity, or public reputation of judicial proceedings?

Whether the appellate court may assume the indictment alleges a federal offense and consider material outside the trial record to adjudicate the defendant's mens rea under plain error's fourth prong