1. Whether a federal court may decline to apply the reference canon, recently reaffirmed by this Court in Jam v. Int Fin. Corp., --- U.S. ---, 139 S. Ct. 759, 769 (2019), to the money laundering statute, 18 U.S.C. § 1956, which makes specific reference to the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act?

2. Whether an indictment may allege that a defendant violated a federal statute while also alleging that the defendant belongs to the class of persons who are exempt from prosecution under that statute?

Whether a federal court may decline to apply the reference canon to the money laundering statute, 18 U.S.C. § 1956, which makes specific reference to the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act?