1. For purposes of the Maritime Drug Law Enforcement Act ("MDLEA"),
does due process require a nexus between the defendant and the United
States where the defendant is on board a foreign-flagged vessel but not a
citizen of the nation whose flag is flying?

2. Does "jurisdiction", as that term is used in § 70503(e)(1) of the
MDLEA, refer to "subject matter jurisdiction" (a court's legal power to
adjudicate a case) or instead to "legislative jurisdiction" (valid exercise of
legislative authority to criminalize specified extraterritorial conduct)?

3. Is drug-trafficking an offense against the "Law of nations"?

4. It is not reasonable for the United States to be able to prosecute drug-
trafficking that occurs anywhere in the world absent some nexus between
the defendant and the United States.

5. The United Nations Convention against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and
Psychotropic Substances does not provide notice to a citizen of Columbia
(like Petitioner) that he can be haled into a United States district court
to be prosecuted under the Pinkerton doctrine because international law
does not universally recognize conspiratorial liability under the
Pinkerton doctrine.

Does due process require a nexus between the defendant and the United States under the Maritime Drug Law Enforcement Act?