(1) Whether plain-error review for failure to instruct on an element of the offense, based upon an intervening U.S. Supreme Court decision, allows courts to review beyond the trial record when analyzing whether the error affected a defendant's substantial rights or impacted th e fairness, integrity, or public reputation of the trial?

(2) Whether plain-error review for failure to instruct on an element of the offense requires the evidence to be "overwhelm ing" to find that the error did not affect a defendant's substantial rights or impact th e fairness, integrity, or public reputation of the trial?

Whether plain-error review for failure to instruct on an element of the offense allows courts to review beyond the trial record