1. Does the Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards (the "New York Convention") permit a nonsignatory to an arbitration agreement to compel arbitration based on the doctrine of equitable estoppel or similar principles of applicable law?

2. Is a foreign defendant's right to stay litigation under Section 3 of the Federal Arbitration Act (9 U.S.C. § 3) conditioned upon that defendant's right to compel arbitration?

Does the Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards permit a nonsignatory to an arbitration agreement to compel arbitration based on the doctrine of equitable estoppel or similar principles of applicable law?