I. Whether unnamed class members under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 23 must have Article III standing for class certification (as four circuits have held), or must have Article III standing only before a court grants any relief (as two circuits have held), or need not demonstrate Article III standing for any form of relief sought (as four circuits have held).

II. Whether in personam claims for monetary relief can be certified for settlement purposes under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 23(b)(1) to bind absent class members to a class action judgment, without providing a right to opt out under Due Process Clause and Rules Enabling Act.

Whether unnamed class members under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 23 must have Article III standing for class certification