Where artworks were forcibly confiscated from their
Jewish owner by Nazi Reichsmarschall Hermann
Goring, then recovered by the Dutch government after
WWII, and are now in private hands in the U.S., and
their ownership is now disputed between U.S. citizens,

1. May a court invoke the act of state doctrine to
refuse to adjudicate true title based on Dutch
proceedings when the Netherlands eschews any
sovereign interest in the resolution of the
dispute? And,

2. May a court invoke the act of state doctrine to
refuse to adjudicate true title when such refusal
is contrary to the express foreign policy of the
United States concerning the recovery of looted
Holocaust assets?

Where artworks were forcibly confiscated from their Jewish owner by Nazi Reichsmarschall Hermann Goring, then recovered by the Dutch government after WWII, and are now in private hands in the U.S., and their ownership is now disputed between U.S. citizens